1. BONES OF LOWER EXTREMITY

2. Pelvis The pelvis is composed of three bones: The pelvis is composed of three bones:IliumIschiumPubis

3. Pelvis: Lateral Surface Acetabular fossa: Acetabular fossa: For articulation with head of femur. Lunate surface. Acetabular notch. Acetabular notch. Acetabular labrum: Acetabular labrum: Fibrocartilage rim around edge of acetabulum.

5. Pelvis: Lateral Surface Obturator foramen: Obturator foramen: Covered by membrane. Passage for obturator nerve and vessels.

7. Pelvis: Lateral Surface Ischial ramus. Ischial ramus. Pubic rami: Pubic rami:Superior.Inferior. Pubic tubercle: Pubic tubercle: Attachment for inguinal ligament.

9. Pelvis: Anterior Edge Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) Attachment of inguinal ligament. Proximal attachment for: Sartorius muscle. Figure 3.3. Figure 3.3.

10. Pelvis: Anterior Edge Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS): Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS): Proximal attachment for: Straight head of rectus femoris.

11. Pelvis: Posterior Edge Posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS). Posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS). Posterior inferior iliac spine (PIIS). Posterior inferior iliac spine (PIIS). Greater sciatic notch: Greater sciatic notch: Converted into superior and inferior parts by piriformis muscle.

12. Pelvis: Posterior Edge Lesser sciatic notch. Lesser sciatic notch. Ischial spine. Ischial spine. Ischial tuberosity. Ischial tuberosity.

13. Pelvis: Posterior Ligaments Posterior sacrospinous ligaments. Posterior sacrospinous ligaments. Sacrotuberous ligaments. Sacrotuberous ligaments. Sacrospinous ligaments. Sacrospinous ligaments. Figure 3.3. Figure 3.3.

14. Pelvis: Medial Surface Iliac fossa: Iliac fossa: Attachment surface for iliacus muscle. Arcuate line. Arcuate line. Auricular surface: Auricular surface: Articulates with auricular surface of sacrum. Pubic symphysis. Pubic symphysis.

16. Sacrum Consists of 5 fused vertebrae. Consists of 5 fused vertebrae. Wing-like processes of each vertebra = alae: Wing-like processes of each vertebra = alae: For attachment to ilium. Lip of body of first sacral vertebra = sacral promontory. Lip of body of first sacral vertebra = sacral promontory.

17. Sacrum Posterior crests (Fig. 4.5): Posterior crests (Fig. 4.5): Median crest: Fused spinous processes. Intermediate crests: Fused articular (zygopophyseal) processes. Lateral crests: Fused transverse processes. Sacral hiatus. Sacral hiatus.

18. Lateral Pelvic Attachments

19. Medial Pelvic Attachments

20. Femur: Proximal Anterior Head. Head. Neck. Neck. Greater trochanter. Greater trochanter. Lesser trochanter. Lesser trochanter. Intertrochanteric line: Intertrochanteric line: Low ridge connecting two trochanters.

21. Proximal Femur

22. Femur: Proximal Posterior Head. Head. Neck. Neck. Greater trochanter. Greater trochanter. Lesser trochanter: Lesser trochanter: Projects backwards and medially.

23. Femur: Proximal Posterior Intertrochanteric ridge: Intertrochanteric ridge: High ridge connecting two trochanters. Has quadrate tubercle: Partial site of attachment for quadratus femoris muscle.

24. Proximal Femur

25. Femur: Distal Anterior Medial and lateral condyles. Medial and lateral condyles. Medial and lateral epicondyles. Medial and lateral epicondyles. Patellar surface: Patellar surface: Smooth, crescent surface between condyles. Adductor tubercle: Adductor tubercle: Small bump on medial epicondyle. Site of partial attachment of adductor magnus.

26. Femur: Distal Posterior Medial and lateral condyles. Medial and lateral condyles. Medial and lateral epicondyles. Medial and lateral epicondyles. Popliteal surface: Popliteal surface: Smooth, triangular surface superior to condyles. Intercondylar fossa: Intercondylar fossa: Forms part of posterior boundary of popliteal fossa.

27. Distal Femur

28. Femur: Posterior Surface Linea aspera Linea aspera Lateral boundary: Is a continuation of: Gluteal tuberosity. Inferiorly becomes: Lateral supracondylar line. Medial boundary: Is a continuation of: Pectineal line. Inferiorly becomes: Medial supracondylar line.

29. Tibia: Anterior Proximal Medial and lateral condyles. Medial and lateral condyles. Tuberosity. Tuberosity. Tubercles of intercondylar eminence. Tubercles of intercondylar eminence.

30. Tibia: Posterior Proximal Medial and lateral condyles. Medial and lateral condyles. Tubercles of intercondylar eminence. Tubercles of intercondylar eminence. Articular facet for fibula: Articular facet for fibula: On inferior surface of lateral condyle. Soleal line: Shallow, rough ridge curving down from lateral condyle.

33. Tibia: Distal Anterior distal surface: Anterior distal surface: Medial malleolus. Lateral distal surface: Lateral distal surface: Fibular notch.

34. Fibula Lies lateral to tibia. Lies lateral to tibia. Function: Function: Involved in ankle joint. Muscle attachment. Proximal end: Proximal end:Head. Apex (styloid process). Articular surface (facet) for lateral condyle of tibia.

35. Fibula Distal end: Distal end: Lateral malleolus: With articular surface for talus. Note: Note: Both tibia and fibula have interosseous borders: Face each other when the two bones are articulated. Site of attachment of interosseous membrane.