1. Review Quizzes Chapters 1-5

2. 1.Which of the following constitutes the quarternary level of protein structure? a. bonding between side chains of amino acids b. sequence of amino acids joined by peptide bonds c. beta pleated sheet d. interactions between polypeptide subunits e. alpha helix

3. 1.Which of the following constitutes the quarternary level of protein structure? a. bonding between side chains of amino acids b. sequence of amino acids joined by peptide bonds c. beta pleated sheet d. interactions between polypeptide subunits e. alpha helix

4. 2. Which of the following nitrogenous bases is NOT found in DNA? a. adenine b. guanine c. uracil d. thymine e. cytosine

5. 2. Which of the following nitrogenous bases is NOT found in DNA? a. adenine b. guanine c. uracil d. thymine e. cytosine

6. 3. Many of the unique physical properties of water may be explained by a. its polar nature b. its low surface tension c. its ability to easily dissolve nonpolar substances d. its low pH e. its ability to contract when it freezes

7. 3. Many of the unique physical properties of water may be explained by a. its polar nature b. its low surface tension c. its ability to easily dissolve nonpolar substances d. its low pH e. its ability to contract when it freezes

8. 4. Which of the following statements about enzymes is NOT true? a. enzymes are almost always proteins b. enzyme activity is affected by changes in pH c. enzymes increase the rate of reactions d. enzymes increase the activation energy e. enzymes do not change the free energy of products

9. 4. Which of the following statements about enzymes is NOT true? a. enzymes are almost always proteins b. enzyme activity is affected by changes in pH c. enzymes increase the rate of reactions d. enzymes increase the activation energy e. enzymes do not change the free energy of products

10. 5. In one type of enzyme regulation, the presence of the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an enzyme which functions in an early step in the pathway. This type of enzyme regulation is called a. feedback inhibition b. competitive inhibition c. non-competitive inhibition d. irreversibly inhibition e. none of the above

11. 5. In one type of enzyme regulation, the presence of the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an enzyme which functions in an early step in the pathway. This type of enzyme regulation is called a. feedback inhibition b. competitive inhibition c. non-competitive inhibition d. irreversibly inhibition e. none of the above

12. 6. Which of the following involves the binding of a molecule to the active site of the enzyme? a. non-competitive inhibition b. allosteric inhibition c. competitive inhibition d. a, b, and c e. None of the above

13. 6. Which of the following involves the binding of a molecule to the active site of the enzyme? a. non-competitive inhibition b. allosteric inhibition c. competitive inhibition d. a, b, and c e. None of the above

14. 7. If the free energy change of a reaction is greater than zero, then the reaction a. is spontaneous b. is nonspontaneous c. is at equilibrium d. is endothermic e. is exothermic

15. 7. If the free energy change of a reaction is greater than zero, then the reaction a. is spontaneous b. is nonspontaneous c. is at equilibrium d. is endothermic e. is exothermic

16. 8. Which is NOT a characteristic of proteins? a. can function as an enzyme b. peptide bonds c. important in cell signaling d. may be used as an energy source e. contain nitrogenous bases

17. 8. Which is NOT a characteristic of proteins? a. can function as an enzyme b. peptide bonds c. important in cell signaling d. may be used as an energy source e. contain nitrogenous bases

18. 9. Which of the following are TRUE regarding enzymes? a. altering the three dimensional structure of an enzyme disrupts its activity b. each enzyme is specific for a given reaction c. hydrophobic, ionic, and hydrogen bonds play a role in binding substrate d. all of the above

19. 9. Which of the following are TRUE regarding enzymes? a. altering the three dimensional structure of an enzyme disrupts its activity b. each enzyme is specific for a given reaction c. hydrophobic, ionic, and hydrogen bonds play a role in binding substrate d. all of the above

20. 10. Which of the following organic molecules is a major storage carbohydrate used to store energy in plants? a. cellulose b. maltose c. fructose d. starch e. glycogen

21. 10. Which of the following organic molecules is a major storage carbohydrate used to store energy in plants? a. cellulose b. maltose c. fructose d. starch e. glycogen

22. 11. A solution with a pH of 10 is how many times more basic than a solution with a pH of 8? a. 2 b. 4 c. 10 d. 100 e. 1000

23. 11. A solution with a pH of 10 is how many times more basic than a solution with a pH of 8? a. 2 b. 4 c. 10 d. 100 e. 1000

24. 12. The conversion of lactose (a disaccharide) to glucose and galactose (monosaccharides) involves the addition of which of the following species to the lactose molecule? a. O 2 b. H 2 c. ATP d. H 2 O e. NADH

25. 12. The conversion of lactose (a disaccharide) to glucose and galactose (monosaccharides) involves the addition of which of the following species to the lactose molecule? a. O 2 b. H 2 c. ATP d. H 2 O e. NADH

26. 13. Which of the following is NOT present in an animal cell? a. nucleus b. mitochondria c. cell wall d. DNA e. ribosomes

27. 13. Which of the following is NOT present in an animal cell? a. nucleus b. mitochondria c. cell wall d. DNA e. ribosomes

28. 14. All of the following organelles are associated with protein synthesis EXCEPT a. ribosomes b. Golgi bodies c. the nucleus d. the rough endoplasmic reticulum e. the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

29. 14. All of the following organelles are associated with protein synthesis EXCEPT a. ribosomes b. Golgi bodies c. the nucleus d. the rough endoplasmic reticulum e. the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

30. 15. A major difference between bacterial cells and animal cells is that bacterial cells have a. a plasma membrane made of phospholipids b. ribosomes, which are involved in protein synthesis c. a cell wall made up of peptidoglycan d. a nuclear membrane, which contains chromosomes e. a large vacuole, which contains fluids

31. 15. A major difference between bacterial cells and animal cells is that bacterial cells have a. a plasma membrane made of phospholipids b. ribosomes, which are involved in protein synthesis c. a cell wall made up of peptidoglycan d. a nuclear membrane, which contains chromosomes e. a large vacuole, which contains fluids

32. 16. All of the following are methods of moving materials across cell membranes without the expenditure of energy EXCEPT a.facilitated transport b. osmosis c. active transport d. diffusion

33. 16. All of the following are methods of moving materials across cell membranes without the expenditure of energy EXCEPT a.facilitated transport b. osmosis c. active transport d. diffusion

34. a. hydrogen bond b. peptide bond c. glycosidic bond d. ester bond e. amino group 17. weak bond formed between polar molecules 18. bond linking two monosaccharides in glycogen 19. the connecting –CO-NH bond in an organic molecule 20. bond that links a fatty acid to a glycerol molecule 21. basic functional group of organic molecules A C B D E

35. a. smooth ER b. lysosome c. cell wall d. microtubule e. nucleolus 22. vesicles that serve to break down cellular debris 23. a semi-rigid structure that lends support to a cell 24. a channel inside the cytoplasm that is the site of lipid synthesis 25. a polymer of the protein tubulin that is found in cilia, flagella, and spindle fibers 26. site at which rRNA is formed B C A D E

36. a. osmosis b. facilitated diffusion c. exocytosis d. endocytosis e. active transport 27. fusion of a vesicle with the cell membrane; contents are released outside cell 28. movements of dissolved particles against the concentration gradient 29. movement of dissolved particles through membrane proteins with the concentration gradient C E B

37. 30. When materials pass into and out of a cell at equal rates and there is no net change in the concentration inside the cell, the cell is in a state of a. flux b. inertia c. panic d. dynamic equilibrium

38. 30. When materials pass into and out of a cell at equal rates and there is no net change in the concentration inside the cell, the cell is in a state of a. flux b. inertia c. panic d. dynamic equilibrium

39. a. nucleus b. Golgi apparatus c. lysosome d. plasma membrane e. endoplasmic reticulum 31. semipermeable cell barrier 32. present in prokaryotic cell 33. modifies and packages protein for secretion D D B

40. Don’t forget to bring a pencil and your textbook to the final!