1. Waterborne Diseases

2. Objectives: At the end of the session: I will have a working knowledge on how to identify children with waterborne diseases I will have realized that illness, like diarrhea, has many causes I will have plans on how to control causes of diarrhea I will be an active participant in the fight against waterborne diseases in my community

3. CAUSESCAUSES

4. CAUSES Intake of Medicine Antacids Antibiotics Sugar free gums Diet pills Travel Food Stress Functional

5. CAUSES BACTERIA VIRUS PARASITES COMBINATION

6. Who gets diarrhea? Everyone…….

7. What is Diarrhea? Fart (foul smelling) Passage of loose, watery stool More than 3 times in 24 hours Consistency Blood containing Color Ears Eyes Nose Touch (Taste)

9. SYMPTOMS

10. Symptoms of Diarrhea  Acute watery(cholera)….Weight loss & …dehydration  Bloody Diarrhea (dysentery)…intestinal damage…sepsis (severe infection) …dehydration

11. Symptoms of Diarrhea  Persistent diarrhea…more than 14 days..Malnutrition, Dehydration, serious intestinal infection  Diarrhea with severe malnutrition…heart failure.. ….damage to many internal organs ….vitamin & mineral deficiencies

12. What do we do? Do we have to give:  Antibiotics? … NOT everybody should be given  Adsorbents? (Kaolin, Pectin,)…NO  Antimotility? (Loperamide)…NO, it delays elimination of organisms

13. DIARRHEA made SIMPLE: ASSESS TREAT ADVICE

14. FOUR Rules for Home Treatment of Diarrhea: 1.Give the child with diarrhea more oral fluids than usual Continue breast feeding ORS (Oral Rehydration Salt) Not too sweet juices Vegetable or chicken soups with salt Salted rice water Buko juice with a little salt Yogurt with added salt

15. How to Prepare Home-Made ORS Recipe for making a 1-litre ORS solution using salt, sugar and water: I litre of clean water One level teaspoon of salt Eight level teaspoons of sugar Stir the mixture until the sugar & salt dissolve.

16. FOUR Rules for Home Treatment of Diarrhea: 2. ZINC Supplementation  Decreases the length and severity of diarrhea  For the immune system  Improves appetite and growth < 6 month old: 1/2 tablet once a day for 10 to14 days > 6 months old: 1 tablet per day for 10 to 14 days

17. FOUR Rules for Home Treatment of Diarrhea: 3. Continue to feed the child  Breastfeed more often AVOID: bulky, high fiber and hard to digest cereals, very dilute soups, too sweet fruit drinks, soft drinks, ice teas  Give small but frequent feedings (every 2-3 hours:  less than 6 month old: breastfeed  6-1 year: breastfeed and semi-solid food  2yrs and older: regular food but those that are easy to digest: banana, “arroz caldo”, rice with soup and fish

18. FOUR Rules for Home Treatment of Diarrhea: 4. Consult a doctor when the child:  Passes many stools  Is very thirsty  Has sunken eyes  Is not getting better within 3 days  Has fever  Does not drink normally

20. How to Prevent Diarrhea Wash uncooked foods such as fruits & vegetables Encourage breastfeeding, not bottle feeding Dispose of rubbish away from water; keep animals & insects out Eat freshly cooked food; keep your body and clothing clean; keep your home & school clean

21. Four F's : Feces Flies Fingers Food FECES gets on food by flies or fingers! Feces can carry diarrhea germs and can make you sick. Think of ways to avoid this cycle

23. The Philippine College of Physicians wishes to acknowledge the following for her invaluable efforts in the preparation of this module Cynthia Cuayo-Juico, MD, FPPS