1. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Chapter 5: State Legislatures The Legislative Branch Influences on State Legislators Modernization and Reform Drawing Legislative District Lines Direct Legislation: Policy Making by the People?

2. The Legislative Branch LO 5.1 Explain how state legislatures are organized, and describe state legislators and their responsibilities. Organized similarly to U.S. Congress Leadership—based on party Committee system Who Serves? 53-year old white males typically (24% women nationally—9% in SC) Democrats and Republicans—few others Businessmen, lawyers—growing # retirees LO 5.1 Back to learning objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

3. What State Legislators Do Lawmaking Oversight—little in SC, except over local government Approve all appropriations Ombudsmen--casework Committees Salary and BenefitsSalary and Benefits: from 10k to >100k plus retirement systems in most states The Legislative Branch LO 5.1 Back to learning objectives

4. LO 5.1 Back to learning objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

5. LO 5.1 Back to learning objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

6. Influences on State Legislators LO 5.2 Identify the factors that influence state legislators’ voting decisions. Political Parties Interest Groups -- #1 in SC Constituents Other Governments—local and national LO 5.2 Back to learning objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

7. LO 5.2 Back to learning objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

8. Modernization on State Legislators LO 5.3 Evaluate recent changes in state legislatures. Modernization and Reform Staffing/technology Term Limits—pros and cons? Class ideas Lowers professionalism, expertise Lose institutional memory Shifts power to interests and bureaucrats Prevents accumulation of power Corruption? less large scale, more small scale Promotes the ideal of “citizen” legislators LO 5.3 Back to learning objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

9. LO 5.3 Back to learning objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

10. Drawing Legislative District Lines LO 5.4 Analyze the controversies over redistricting. Redistricting—every 10 years 12 states use independent commissions Gerrymandering—”cracking and packing” Malapportionment—no more One Person, One Vote—14 th Amendment applied in 1960s No Majority-minority Districts if done for race, but ok if done for political reasons LO 5.4 Back to learning objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

11. Direct Legislation: Policy Making by the People? LO 5.5 Evaluate the debate regarding the methods of direct democracy available to some states. Direct Legislation Initiative Referendum Results 58% were approved in 2008 Stimulates voter turnout, civic engagement, political efficacy Can target minorities Allows interest groups much influence LO 5.5 Back to learning objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

12. LO 5.5 Back to learning objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

13. The most common occupation of a state legislator is ___. A.Attorney B.Business owner C.Full-time legislator D.Farmer LO 5.1 Back to learning objectives

14. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman The most common occupation of a state legislator is ___. A.Attorney B.Business owner C.Full-time legislator D.Farmer LO 5.1 Back to learning objectives

15. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman States learn from ____ when making policy. A.Political parties B.Interest groups C.Constituents D.Other governments LO 5.2 Back to learning objectives

16. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman States learn from ____ when making policy. A.Political parties B.Interest groups C.Constituents D.Other governments LO 5.2 Back to learning objectives

17. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Term limits were a popular reform in the ____. A.1970s B.1980s C.1990s D.2000s LO 5.3 Back to learning objectives

18. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Term limits were a popular reform in the ____. A.1970s B.1980s C.1990s—”Contract for America” D.2000s LO 5.3 Back to learning objectives

19. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman The first time gerrymandering was identified was ___. A.1811 B.1896 C.1964 D.2002 LO 5.4 Back to learning objectives

20. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman The first time gerrymandering was identified was ___. A.1811 B.1896 C.1964 D.2002 LO 5.4 Back to learning objectives

21. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman The ___ part of the nation tends to have direct democracy. A.Northeastern B.Southern C.Midwestern D.Western LO 5.5 Back to learning objectives

22. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman The ___ part of the nation tends to have direct democracy. A.Northeastern B.Southern C.Midwestern D.Western LO 5.5 Back to learning objectives