1. North African Theater By Philip Greyling, Philip Greyling, Lucas McCormick, and Jasmine Morgan

2. Beginnings ► Fascism is on the rise, emphasizing loyalty to state and leader,spreading throughout Europe ► Benito Mussolini gains power of Italy in 1922 ► Adolph Hitler gains power of Germany in 1934 ► Much like Hitler, Mussolini becomes dictator of Italy

3. Mussolini and Hitler

4. Mussolini Dreams of Empire ► Mussolini DREAMED OF A COLONIAL EMPIRE IN Africa like that of Britain and France (much like the Roman Empire) ► This African Empire only included Ethiopia

5. Ethiopia

6. Edge of War ► Italy invades Ethiopia in 1935, Mussolini is successful ► Hitler defies the Versailles Treaty, as Germany slowly gains lands ► Britain urges appeasement in 1936, Hitler agrees (Hitler lies) ► Mussolini becomes allies with Hitler in 1936,, become the Axis Powers

7. Haile Selassie and Mussolini with Hitler

8. World War II Begins ► Hitler soon defies appeasement pact ► Hitler sweeps through Europe until he reaches Britain ► after one year of fighting Hitler calls off the attacks

9. Axis Empire in Europe

10. Hitler turns to Mussolini ► Germany turns to the Eastern Front and the Mediterranean ► Germany’s first objective in the Mediterranean region was North Africa-due to Hitler’s partner Mussolini

11. The Balkans, North Africa, and Russia

12. Mussolini Takes Action ► Italy remained neutral in beginning of war, though Mussolini knew he must take action ► In 1940 Mussolini ordered Italy’s North African army to move east from Libya ► Mussolini's goal was to seize British controlled Eypt, the key to reaching the oil fields of the Middle East

13. North Eastern Africa

14. Mussolini and Hitler in Africa ► Though due to British attacks, Italy’s army was pushed back further and further ► In 1941 Hitler stepped in to save his Axis partner by sending General Rommel, controlling newly formed tank corps Rommel’s mission was to capture Egypt and the Suez Canal

15. General Rommel and Tank Corps

16. Difficulties in African Warfare ► Long desert stretches with terrible climate. ► Lack of cover due to long desert stretches. ► Hard to transport resources. ► Supplies carrying tanks could be shot by enemy troops. ► Both sides used mines making it hard to maneuver.

17. African Terrain

18. German Tactics in the Desert ► In the beginning of the battles in Africa tanks were not even used. ► While fighting in Africa, Germany used entirely different tactics than those used in Europe. ► Afrika Korps was a name for the corperate headquarters in Africa and all attached units.

19. Technology Used ► The Style of fighting in Africa used many tanks and other vehicles due to the long stretches of desert. ► The tanks used in African Warfare were called Panzers ► These were large armored tanks originally used in Africa

20. Panzers In Africa

21. Allied Tactics ► Mostly Defensive ► Repetitive retreats ► Caught Germans off guard with an attack ► Pushed back ► Attacked German army’s flanks which were the weak point

22. Use of Radio ► The British victory in Africa was Largely due to the use of a very advanced radio used to pick up German plans and locations ► The radio helped the Allies devastate the Axis supply convoys and gain a distinct edge over ‘The Desert Fox’

23. Radio

24. The First Battle of El Alamein ► After many retreats from the British Army in Africa, Britain had no choice but to attack:  Started July 1 and ended July 27, 1942  Over 240,000 troops, 1600 tanks, and 2000 planes were involved on both sides.  Fight led by Claude Auchinleck (Allies) and Erwin Rommel (Axis)

25. Map of First Battle of El Alamein

26. Outcome of First Battle of El Alamein Due to the Allied resistance, Rommel decided to regroup and defend the line reached After many attacks from both sides the battle reached a stalemate leaving both sides unsuccesful, Though the Axis advances in Africa was halted for the first time

27. El Alamein footage African Trenches and Link to Video

28. The Second Battle of El Alamein ► The Second Battle of El Alamein marked a significant point in the Western Campaign of World War II  Lasted from October 23-November 3 1942  Over 340,000 troops, and 1700 tanks included  Between Erwin Rommel (Axis) and Gereral Bernard Montgomery (Allies)  Over 34,000 troops killed and wounded, and over 500 tanks destroyed

29. Phase 1 Phase 2 Failure to Break Through Phase 4: Operation Supercharge Montgomery Regroups Forces Phase 5 Phases of the Second Battle of El Alamein

30. Outcome of Second Battle of El Alamein ► In the end the Allies' victory was all but total ► El Alamein was the first great offensive against the Germans in which the Allies were victorious ► Winston Churchill summed up the battle on 10 November 1942 with the words, "Now this is not the end, it is not even the beginning of the end “

31. Britain Forces Advancing

32. Bibliography ► http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_African_C ampaign_%28World_War_II%29 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_African_C ampaign_%28World_War_II%29 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_African_C ampaign_%28World_War_II%29 ► http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Africa_Ca mpaign_%28World_War_II%29 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Africa_Ca mpaign_%28World_War_II%29 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Africa_Ca mpaign_%28World_War_II%29 ► http://www.topedge.com/panels/ww2/na/in telligence.html http://www.topedge.com/panels/ww2/na/in telligence.html http://www.topedge.com/panels/ww2/na/in telligence.html ► http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mussolini http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mussolini ► http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Alamein http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Alamein