1. Content-based Language CALL – Chapter 8

2. Focus on content The content is the reason for learning The content determines the choice of patterns of vocabulary and grammar Materials must provide individualization

3. Content-based language programs Content-based Instruction – CBI  Content-based instruction (CBI) - teaching is organized around the content or subject matter such as history or social studies (Richards & Rodgers, 2014, p. 116)  CBI involves a language teacher teaching social studies, math, history through English, working with a content teacher to co- teach a course, or a content teacher designing and teaching a course for ESL learners (Richards & Rodgers, 2014, p. 116)  Elementary and secondary education

4. Content-based language programs English for Special Purposes (ESP)  English for special purposes (ESP) programs are specifically devoted to professional fields of study. For example, a course in English for Agriculture or in Business Writing.  ESP students can get majors and degrees.  It is aimed at higher education.

5. Challenge for teachers The challenge of teaching specific purpose or content-based language is that:  English teachers are seldom knowledgeable about the specific language area because the teachers themselves are not experienced in those areas  Future doctors, business executives, and research-scientists sit side by side in an regular English program, but their needs for specific purpose language may differ

6. What instructors should do  Determine the quality of the material  Determine if the level of the materials is appropriate for their students  Consider if the length of the materials is appropriate for the assignment  Consider how to sequence materials coming from different sources

7. Websites  Tip 1: Appropriate language for students’ specific purpose needs UsingEnglish.com

8. Websites  Tip 2: CALL activities that explicitly teach field-specific language such as pre-teaching vocabulary, lexical phrases, and grammar EnglishClub.com Adult Learning Activities

9. Websites  Tip 3: Provide learners with opportunities for interaction with the computer and with other English users Englishforums.com

10. Websites  Tip 4: Develop learners’ strategies for finding and using field- specific materials online Arlyn Freed’s ESL/EFL ESP The Open Courseware Consortium