1. Introduction to Geography Mr. Welchel U.S. History

2. GEOGRAPHY  Geography – study of human- environment interaction & movement – Relationship between humans & their environment

3. Themes  Location – Absolute Location: Exact position of a place on earth – Relative Location: Relation to other places  Place – Factors that make areas different  Region – Area with similar characteristics that set it apart  Movement – Shifting of people, goods, & ideas from place to place

4. Map Types Physical –Shows mountains, hills, plains, rivers, lakes, oceans, & other physical features

5. Map Types Political –Shows political units like countries, states, districts, & towns –Shaded with colors, symbols & uses borders

6. Map Types Historical –Illustrates things like economic activity, migrations, battles, etc.

7. How to Read a Map  Latitude – Lines running east-west  Longitude – Lines running north-south  Latitude/Longitude measure in degrees – Total of 360º  Equator – Line circling the globe – Halfway between North & South Pole

8. Parts of a Map  Compass Rose – Points to 4 cardinal points North/South/East/West  Scale – Relationship of map to actual distance  Symbols – Represents items on the map  Labels – Words or phrases that explain various items or activities  Legend (Key) – Typically a box somewhere on the map – Explains symbols on the map

10. Maps

11. Creating a Map  T – Title (tell what it is, when it is, & where it is)  O – Orientation (compass rose)…near the key  D – Date  A – Author (who published it)  L – Legend (all abbreviations, colors, & symbols are explained)  S – Scale (what distance does a unit of measure equal)

12. Graphs, Charts, & Tables  Bar Graph – A.K.A. Bar Chart – Compare information about different things  Horizontal Axis – Line on bottom of graph  Vertical Axis – Line on side of graph

13. Line Graph  Line Graph – Indicates trend or pattern – Used when something increases, decreases, or stays same over time – Have horizontal & vertical axis

14. Pie Chart  A.k.a. Circle Graph  Pie represents total amount  Pie Pieces – Segments of pie – Represent percentage of the whole – Often colored to make easier to read

15. Time Line  Shows sequence of events  Study how one event led to another  Show relationship between different subjects

16. Flowchart/Graphic Organizers Uses boxes, arrows, and/or images Shows series of activities or steps Geographers & Historians Line Graphs Bar Graphs Pie Charts Time Lines Flowcharts Tables