1. Dennis Ritchie 1972 AT & T Bell laboratories (American Telephone and Telegraph) USA 1www.gowreeswar.com

2. Flowchart Algorithm Program 2www.gowreeswar.com

3. Flowchart 3www.gowreeswar.com

4. Algorithm Step 1:start Step 2: read two values for a and b Step 3: calculate the sum of a and b i.e. c=a+b; Step 4: print ‘c’ value Step 5:stop 4www.gowreeswar.com

5. Character Set Keywords Variables Constants Data types Operators 5www.gowreeswar.com

6. Character Set 0 to 9  digits A to Z a to z  alphabets +,. $ ^ = ; “ ‘ @ ? /  special symbols 6www.gowreeswar.com

7. 7

8. Keywords (Reserve words) auto static extern register if else for while do switch case break return continue return goto typedef struct union enum int float double long char unsigned sizeof const default void volatile signed 8www.gowreeswar.com

9. Variable 9www.gowreeswar.com

10. Constant 3 ways 1) const keyword const a=22; 2) macro #define a 22 3) enum 10www.gowreeswar.com

11. Built- in Derived User definedvoid Example: int float char long double Arrays Pointers Functions Structures Unions enums 11www.gowreeswar.com

12. keyword Memory (in Bytes) Rangeformat char1-128 to +127%c int2-32768 to +32767%d float4-3.4e38 to +3.4e38%f double8-1.7e308 to +1.7e308%lf long4 -2,147,483,648 to 2,147438647 %ld unsigned int20 to 65535%u unsigned long40 to 4,294,967,295%lu long double10-1.7e932 to +1.7e932%Lf 12www.gowreeswar.com

13. Operators Arithmetic Relational Logical Increment Decrement Ternary or Conditional Assignment Bitwise Sizeof Special Operators 13www.gowreeswar.com

14. Arithmetic Operator Use Example Result +Addition5 + 27 -Minus5 – 23 *Multiplication5 * 210 /Divide5 / 22 %Reminder5 % 21 14www.gowreeswar.com

15. Relational OperatorUseExampleResult <Less than5 > 2True >Greater than5 < 2False <=Less than or equal 5 >= 2True >=Greater than or equal 5 <= 2False ==Equal5 == 2False !=Not equal5 != 2True 15www.gowreeswar.com

16. Logical OperatorUseExampleResult &&Andx=5,y=2 x>2 && y> 1 True ||Orx==2 || y==1False !Not!(x==2)True 16www.gowreeswar.com

17. Increment pre increment ++a Example a=10; b=++a; ( a= a+1 ; b=a ) o/p: a=11 b= 11 post increment a++ Example : a=10; b=a++; ( b=a; a=a+1 ) o/p: a=11 b= 10 17www.gowreeswar.com

18. Decrement pre decrement --a Example a=10; b=--a; ( a= a-1 ; b=a ) o/p: a=9 b= 9 post decrement a-- Example : a=10; b=a--; ( b=a; a=a-1 ) o/p: a=9 b= 10 18www.gowreeswar.com

19. Ternary Condition ? Expression 1 : Expression 2 true false 19www.gowreeswar.com

20. Assignment = OperatorExampleMeaning +=X + = YX=X+Y -=X - = YX=X-Y *=X * = YX=X*Y /=X / = YX=X/Y %=X %= YX=X%Y 20www.gowreeswar.com

21. Bitwise Operator use &Bitwise and |Bitwise or ~Bitwise not ^Exclusive or <<Shift left >>Shift right 21www.gowreeswar.com

22. sizeof(), (comma). (dot) -> (arrow) 22www.gowreeswar.com

23. C Instructions  type declaration  Arithmetic  Input/output  Control 23www.gowreeswar.com

24. Type Declaration int a,b; float c,d; char ch; 24www.gowreeswar.com

25. Arithmetic c = a + b; 25www.gowreeswar.com

26. Input - output 26www.gowreeswar.com

27. Input FormattedUnformatted scanf() fscanf () gets () fgetc () 27www.gowreeswar.com

28. output FormattedUnformatted printf() fprintf() puts() fputc() 28www.gowreeswar.com

29. Function : printf() header file : stdio.h Syntax : printf(“format string”,var1,var2…); Examples: printf(“welcome to c world”); printf(“%d%d”,a,b); printf(“sum=%d”,c); 29www.gowreeswar.com

30. Function : scanf() header file : stdio.h Syntax : scanf(“format string”,&var1,&var2…); & - address of variable Examples: scanf(“%d%d”,&a,&b); scanf(“%f%d”,&x,&y); 30www.gowreeswar.com

31. comments pre processors global declaration void main() { === } 31www.gowreeswar.com

32. comments pre processors global declaration int main() { === Return 0; } 32www.gowreeswar.com

33. comments pre processors global declaration main() { === } 33www.gowreeswar.com

34. /* welcome program */ #include void main() { printf(“welcome to C”); } Output welcome to C 34www.gowreeswar.com