1. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 1-1 CPSC 110 Lecture Notes Introduction To Computing

2. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 1-2 Dr Ming Zhang Tel: (757) 594 7563 Fax: (757) 594 7919 Office: GOSN 137 Email: mzhang@pcs.cnu.edu URL: www.pcs.cnu.edu/~zhang www.pcs.cnu.edu/~zhang www.DrMingZhang.com www.DrMingZhang.comwww.DrMingZhang.com Market Share

3. Chapter 1_1 Becoming Skilled at Information Technology

4. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 1-4 Computer History First Generation (1940s to 1959): Vacuum tubes Second Generation (1950s-65): Transistors Third Generation (late 1950s -71): Integrated Circuits Fourth Generation (1971-Present): Very Large-Scale Integration (VLSI) Fifth Generation (1981-2000): VLSI Japanese 5th-Generation Computer Project Sixth Generation (From 1980s): Artificial Neural Networks

5. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 1-5 What characterized the first generation of computers?

6. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 1-6 How did second-generation computers differ from first-generation computers?

7. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 1-7 What are the characteristics of third- generation computers?

8. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 1-8 Most electronic components inside a computer are integrated circuits - thin slices of silicon crystal packed with microscopic circuit elements –Wires –Transistors –Capacitors –Logic gates –Resistors What’s a computer chip?

9. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 1-9 Fourth Generation Computers From 1976 Supercomputer CRAY-1, CRAY-2, CRAY-3 From 1977 Apple-II (6502) Commodore PET (6502) Tandy TRS-80 (Z-80) From 1981 IBM-PC (i8088), PC/AT, PC 386/486/586 From 1984 Apple Macintosh (MC68000), Macintosh-II