1. Blood & Respiration By Dr. Mamdouh R El-Sawi

2. I-Blood First lecture

3. Blood Blood is a complex mixture of a reddish fluid that circulates continuously inside the cardio-vascular system. Blood is a complex mixture of a reddish fluid that circulates continuously inside the cardio-vascular system. Blood has many important functions, which are essential for life. Blood has many important functions, which are essential for life. Sudden loss of 30% of total volume of blood leads to death. Sudden loss of 30% of total volume of blood leads to death.

4. Functions of the blood Respiratory: Respiratory: –It transports O 2 from lungs to tissues. –It transports CO 2 from tissues to lungs. Nutritional: Nutritional: –It transports digested food from gut to tissue cells. Excretory: Excretory: –It transports wastes from tissues to kidney & other excretory organs (urea, uric acid, water).

5. Functions of the blood Regulatory Regulatory –The water Content of Tissues –The pH of the blood through the buffer systems –The body temperature: Water- high heat capacity, thermal conductivity, heat of vaporization Water- high heat capacity, thermal conductivity, heat of vaporization Protective Protective -blood loss from injured vessels by formation of -blood loss from injured vessels by formation of platelet plug & blood clot. platelet plug & blood clot. –Antibodies, antitoxins, white blood cells (WBC)

6. Composition of the blood Blood is composed of cells and cell like structures suspended in a clear yellowish fluid called plasma:-  Cells - 45% by volume.  Plasma - 55% by volume.

7. Plasma Red blood cells White blood cells & platelets Plasma Hematocrit

8. Composition of the blood A-Cells  Red cells (erythrocytes).  5x10 6 /mL blood.  White cells (leukocytes).  7x10 3 /mL blood.  Platelets (thrombocytes).  3x10 5 /mL blood.

9. Composition of the blood B-Blood plasma It is a clear yellowish fluid. It is a clear yellowish fluid. It is a part of the extra cellular fluid of the body. It is a part of the extra cellular fluid of the body. It is identical to the interstitial fluid except for its protein content (2-3%). It is identical to the interstitial fluid except for its protein content (2-3%).

10. Composition of the plasma B-Blood plasma –Water: 90%. –Proteins: 7%. –Inorganic: 1 %.  Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, PO43- … –Organic: 2%.  Metabolic end products: e.g. urea, uric acid, creatine & creatinine  Nutritive substances: e.g. fats, cholesterol, glucose...  Regulatory substances: e.g. enzymes, hormones, vitamins.

11. Plasma proteins 1-Albumin: (4%)  Form 60-80% of plasma proteins.  Provides the osmotic pressure needed to draw H 2 0 from interstitial fluid into capillaries.  Maintains blood pressure. MW 66 000 MW 66 000 Single chain, 580 amino acids, sequence is known Single chain, 580 amino acids, sequence is known Dimensions - Heart shaped molecule Dimensions - Heart shaped molecule 50%  helix. 50%  helix.

12. Plasma proteins 20% of plasma proteins. 20% of plasma proteins. “  ” refers to electrophoretic mobility. “  ” refers to electrophoretic mobility. Represents a group of proteins of variable structures called immunoglobulins. Represents a group of proteins of variable structures called immunoglobulins. Main functional task: is immunochemical. Main functional task: is immunochemical. –Antibodies - combine with specific antigens 2-Globulins: (2.7%)