1. Origin Insertion Primary Action
Muscles
Origin
Insertion
Primary Action

2. Head/Neck Muscles Frontalis Orbicularis oculi Orbicularis oris
Temporalis
Zygomaticus
Masseter
Buccinator
Sternocleidomastoid
Platysma

3. Frontalis Origin Insertion Primary Action Cranial aponeurosis
Skin of eyebrows
Primary Action
Raises eyebrows

4. Orbicularis oculi Origin Insertion Primary Actions
Frontal bone and maxilla
Insertion
Tissue around the eyes
Primary Actions
Blinks
Closes eyes

5. Orbicularis oris Origin Maxilla and mandible Insertion
Skin and muscle around the mouth
Primary Actions
Closes and protrudes lips
Known as the kissing muscle because it is used to pucker the lips. (xo!).

6. Temporalis Origin Temporal bone Insertion Mandible Primary Action
Closes jaw

7. Zygomaticus Origin Insertion Primary Action Zygomatic bone
Skin and muscle at corners of lips
Primary Action
Raises corner of mouth 

8. Masseter Origin Insertion Primary Action Zygomatic arch Mandible
Closes jaw

9. Buccinator Primary Actions Origin Insertion
Maxilla and mandible near molars
Insertion
Orbicularis oris
Primary Actions
Compresses cheek as in whistling and sucking
Holds food between teeth during chewing

10. Sternocleidomastoid Primary Actions Origin Insertion
Sternum and clavicle
Insertion
Mastoid process of the temporal bone
Primary Actions
Contracted together = flex neck
One contracts = head rotated to side

11. Platysma Primary Action Origin Insertion
Connective tissue covering of superior chest muscles
Insertion
Tissue around the mouth
Primary Action
Pulls corners of the mouth inferiorly  ‘frown’

12. Neck/Trunk/ Shoulder Muscles
Superficial anterior muscles:
Pectoralis major
Rectus abdominis
External oblique
Superficial posterior muscles:
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Erector spinae
Deltoid

13. Pectoralis major Primary Action Origin Insertion Clavicle Sternum
1st to 6th ribs
Insertion
Proximal humerus
Primary Action
Adducts and flexes humerus

14. Rectus abdominis Origin Insertion Primary Action Pubis Ribs 5-7
Sternum
Primary Action
Flexes vertebral column

15. External oblique Origin Insertion Primary Actions Lower 8 ribs
Iliac crest
Primary Actions
Rotates and flexes vertebral column

16. Trapezius Origin Insertion Primary Action Occipital bone
All cervical and thoracic vertebrae
Insertion
Clavicle
Scapular spine
Primary Action
Extends head and neck

17. Latissimus dorsi Primary Actions Origin Insertion Lower spine
Iliac crest
Insertion
Proximal humerus
Primary Actions
Extends and adducts humerus

18. Erector spinae Origin Insertion Primary Action Iliac crest Vertebræ
Ribs 3-12
Insertion
Thoracic and cervical vertebrae
Ribs
Primary Action
Extends the vertebral column

19. Deltoid Origin Insertion Primary Action Clavicle Spine of scapula
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Primary Action
Abducts arm

20. Shoulder/Arm/Forearm Muscles
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Deltoid
Triceps brachii
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Extensor carpi radialis (longus and brevis)
Extensor digitorum

21. Biceps brachii Origin Short head: tip of coracoid process of scapula
Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Insertion
Proximal radius
Primary Actions
Supinates forearm
Flexes elbow

22. Brachialis Origin Insertion Primary Action Distal humerus
Proximal ulna
Primary Action
Flexes elbow

23. Deltoid Origin Insertion Primary Action Clavicle Spine of scapula
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Primary Action
Abducts arm

24. Triceps brachii Origin Insertion Primary Action Long head: scapula
Lateral head: proximal humerus
Medial head: proximal humerus
Insertion
Olecranon process of ulna
Primary Action
Extends elbow

25. Flexor carpi radialis Origin Insertion Primary Actions Distal humerus
Base of 2nd metacarpal
Primary Actions
Flexes and abducts hand (at wrist)

26. Flexor carpi ulnaris Origin Insertion Primary Action
Humeral head: distal humerus
Ulnar head: posterior ulna
Insertion
Carpals (pisiform bone, hook of hamate bone)
5th metacarpal bone
Primary Action
Flexes and adducts hand (at wrist)

27. Flexor digitorum superficialis
Origin
Humoulnar head: distal humerus and ulna
Radial head: superior half of radius
Insertion
Middle phalanges of digits 2 - 5
Primary Action
Flexes wrist and fingers

28. Extensor carpi radialis longus
Origin
Humerus
Insertion
Base of 2nd metacarpal
Primary Actions
Extends and abducts hand at wrist

29. Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Origin
Humerus
Insertion
Base of 3rd metacarpal
Action
Extends and abducts hand at wrist

30. Extensor digitorum Origin Insertion Primary Actions Distal humerus
Phalanges of 2nd to 5th fingers
Primary Actions
Extends fingers
Extends hand at wrist

31. Hip/Thigh/Leg Muscles Anterior
Iliopsoas
Adductor muscles
Sartorius
Quadriceps group:
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus lateralis
Rectus femoris
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Fibularis muscles

32. Iliopsoas Origin Insertion Primary Action Psoas – lumbar vertebrae
Iliacus – ilium
Insertion
Femur (lesser trochanter)
Primary Action
Flexes the hip

33. Adductor muscles Origin Insertion Primary Action Pubis Femur Tibia
Adducts thigh

34. Sartorius Origin Insertion Primary Actions Ilium Proximal tibia
Flexes and laterally rotates the thigh

35. Quadriceps Group Vastus medialis Origin Insertion Primary Action Femur
Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Primary Action
Extends the knee

36. Quadriceps Group Vastus intermedius Origin Insertion Primary Action
Femur
Insertion
Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Primary Action
Extends the knee

37. Quadriceps Group Vastus lateralis Origin Insertion Primary Action
Femur
Insertion
Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Primary Action
Extends the knee

38. Quadriceps Group Rectus femoris Origin Insertion Primary Actions Ilium
Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Primary Actions
Extends the knee
Flexes thigh (hip)

39. Tibialis anterior Origin Insertion Primary Actions Proximal tibia
First cuneiform and first metatarsal
Primary Actions
Dorsiflexes and inverts foot

40. Extensor digitorum longus
Origin
Proximal tibia and fibula
Insertion
Distal phalanges 2-5
Primary Actions
Extends toes 2 - 5
Dorsiflexes foot

41. Fibularis or peroneus muscles
Peroneus longus
Origin
Fibula
Insertion
Tarsal (medial
cuneiform) and
1st metatarsal
Primary Actions
Eversion
Plantarflexion

42. Fibularis or peroneus muscles
Peroneus brevis
Origin
Fibula
Insertion
Fifth metatarsal
Primary Actions
Eversion
Plantarflexion

43. Fibularis or peroneus muscles
Peroneus tertius
Origin
Fibula
Insertion
Fifth metatarsal
Primary Actions
Eversion
Plantarflexion

44. Hip/Thigh/Leg Muscles Posterior
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Hamstring muscles
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris
Gastrocnemius
Soleus

45. Gluteus maximus Origin Insertion Primary Action
Ilium, sacrum and coccyx
Insertion
Lateral femur
Primary Action
Extends hip (thigh)

46. Gluteus medius Origin Insertion Primary Actions Ilium
Greater trochanter of femur
Primary Actions
Abducts thigh
Steadies pelvis during walking

47. Hamstring Muscles Semitendinosus Origin Insertion Primary Actions
Ischial tuberosity
Insertion
Proximal tibia
Primary Actions
Extends the thigh
Flexes the knee

48. Hamstring Muscles Semimembranosus Origin Insertion Primary Action
Ischial tuberosity
Insertion
Proximal tibia
Primary Action
Extends the thigh
Flexes the knee

49. Hamstring Muscles Biceps femoris Origin Insertion Primary Actions
Long head – ischial tuberosity
Short head –lateral femur
Insertion
Head of fibula
Primary Actions
Extends the thigh
Flexes the knee
Long head Short head

50. Gastrocnemius Origin Insertion Primary Actions
Medial head – medial epicondyle of femur
Lateral head – lateral epicondyle of femur
Insertion
Calcaneus
Primary Actions
Flexes knee
Plantar flexes foot

51. Soleus Origin Insertion Action Tibia Fibula Calcaneus
Plantar flexes foot