2. Left Hand – Anterior View Ulna Scaphoid bone Lunate bone Triquetrum bone Pisiform bone Carpals (proximal) Metacarpals Phalanges (Digits) Radius Hamate bone Capitate bone Trapezoid bone Trapezium bone Carpals (distal) Distal phalanx (of thumb) Proximal phalanx (of finger) Middle phalanx (of finger) Distal phalanx (of finger)

3. Right Foot – Superior View Calcaneus Talus Cuboid Navicular Medial cuneiform Intermediate cuneiform Lateral cuneiform Tarsals Metatarsals Proximal phalanx Middle phalanx Distal phalanx Proximal phalanx (of great toe) Distal phalanx (of great toe) Phalanges (Digits)

4. BONE LANDMARKS Bone landmarks are specific locations at which major muscles, ligaments, or other connective tissue attach. The following will familiarize you with basic landmarks and their specific locations on bones.

5. Surface Markings on Bones Depressions & Openings  Foramen  Fossa

6. Projections  Process  Condyle  Epicondyle  Head

7.  Tuberosity  Tubercle  Trochanter  Crest / Spine

8. LandmarkAnatomicalDescriptionPageReference 2 Foramen i.Foramen magnum N/A ii.Obturator foramen  Text 25

9. LandmarkAnatomicalDescriptionPageReference 8 Fossa i.Glenoid fossa Text 21 ii.Supraspinous fossa  Text 21 iii.Infraspinous fossa Text 21 iv.Subscapular fossa  Text 21

10. LandmarkAnatomicalDescriptionPageReference 8 fossa continued v.Olecranon fossa Text 22 vi.Coranoid fossa  Text 21 vii.Intercondylar fossa  Text 26 vii.Radial Fossa

11. LandmarkAnatomicalDescriptionPageReference 5 processes i.Coracoid process  Text 21 ii.Acromion process  Text 21 iii.Styloid process  Text 23 iv.Olecranon process  Text 23 v.Coranoid process  Text 23

12. LandmarkAnatomicalDescriptionPageReference 4 condyles i. & ii. Medial condyle  Text 26, 27 iii. & iv. Lateral condyle  Text 26, 27 4 epicondyles i. & ii. Medial epicondyle Text 22, 26 iii. & iv. Lateral epicondyle  Text 22, 26

13. LandmarkAnatomicalDescriptionPageReference 3 heads 3 heads i.Head of humerus  Text 22 ii.Head of femur  Text 26 iii.Head of fibula  Text 27 4 tubercles i.Greater tubercle ii.Lesser tubercle  Text 22 iii.Infraglenoid tubercle iv.Supraglenoid tubercle  Text 21

14. LandmarkAnatomicalDescriptionPageReference 4 tuberosities 4 tuberosities i.Deltoid tuberosity  Text 22 ii.Radial tuberosity  Text 23 iii.Ischial tuberosity Text 25 iv.Tibial tuberosity  Text 27 2 trochanters i.Greater trochanter ii.Lesser trochanter  Text 26

15. LandmarkAnatomicalDescriptionPageReference 9 crests/spines i.Iliac crest Text 25 ii. & iii. Posterior iliac spines  Text 25 iv.Ischial spine  Text 25 v.Anterior crest of tibia  Text 27 vi.Scapular spine  Text 21