1. SOCIOLINGUISTICS AND THE ESL CLASSROOM Master’s Course Assoc.Prof.Dr.Azamat Akbarov

2. Two or more people communication – the system they use is a code Bilingual speakers – code-switching System (grammar) – that speaker “knows”

3. Important issues for linguist;  What that knowledge comprises  How we may best characterize it

4. Grammar is hard to describe Speaker knows the language more than contained in grammar book Shared knowledge – possessed by all speakers

5. “dead” languages Knowledge of language is abstract Knowledge of rules and principles - ways of saying and doing things with sounds, words, and sentences

6. Its is knowing what is in language, what is not What is possible, what is not We can understand sentences we never heard before Reject as ungrammatical

7. Psychological, social, genetic factors are crucial Language is communal possession Speakers have access to it – show proper usage Proper use – skills/activities

8. Chomsky; Research on language Linguists must try to distinguish between  What is important  What is unimportant about language and linguistic behavior

9. Matters to deal with; Learnability Characteristics they share (construing and interpreting sentences) Individual speakers use specific words in a different contexts

10. Lightfoot (2006) Distinction between; “I-language”“E-language”

11. The reference to Chomsky’s notions of E-Language - (External(ised) Language) I-language (Internal(ised) Language) make clear that we acknowledge these two aspects of language.

12. Chomsky maintains that E- Language, such as English, German, and Korean, are mere ‘epiphenomena’, a body of knowledge or behavioural habits shared by a community and as such are not suitable subjects for scientific study

13. I-Language, argues Chomsky, is a ‘mental object’ is biologically/genetically specified, equates to language itself and so is a suitable object of study

14. “I-language” – mental system that characterizes a person’s linguistic range Represented in the speaker’s brain

15. “E-language” – part of the outside world, incoherent, not a system

16. Chomsky; Competence and performance Linguist’s task – to characterize what speakers know about their language (competence)

17. Pinker (2007) Language is constantly being pushed and pulled at the margins by different speakers in different ways