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Bryan Ferguson –Level II Avalanche Safety –Level III Avalanche Forecaster American Avalanche Institute, Inc.

Published byGloria Harper Modified over 8 years ago

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Presentation on theme: "Bryan Ferguson –Level II Avalanche Safety –Level III Avalanche Forecaster American Avalanche Institute, Inc."— Presentation transcript:

1

2 Bryan Ferguson –Level II Avalanche Safety –Level III Avalanche Forecaster American Avalanche Institute, Inc.

3 Objectives Avalanche avoidance Survival Rescue Spark interest Question authority

4 Alaska Maritime ranges & glacial seracs Inner-continental mountain range Colorado

5 Schema A day out - A sequence of events

6 Avalanche! Factors: Terrain Slope aspect Signs Terrain traps Weather Snow fall Wind Temperatures Snow pack Dynamic Evaluation Human Decisions Equipment Rescue

7 Terrain Factor

8 Terrain and Signs 5 slides

9 Route selection 1 Mt of the Holy Cross Quad

10 Route selection 2 Mt of the Holy Cross Quad

11 Weather Factor

12 Weather Snow fall Wind Prevailing Westerly Air temperatures

13 Snowpack Factor Avalanche Video

14 Evaluating the Snow Pack 7 slides Bed surface Hasty pits Data pits Assessing snow pack

15 Slab Avalanches

16 Maritime v. Intercontinental range Rockies - instability within snow pack tends to increase over time Slab avalanches Release Out skiing? Video Video Overview of Avalanches

17 Data pits Data pits provide professionals with time line data to aid in avalanche forecasting Snow Pack

18 Hasty pits Hasty pits let you see into the snow pack Evaluate: Bond between layers - AKA bed surfaces Temperature gradient - TG Dig to the ground in Colorado and other inner continental mountain ranges Snow Pack

19 Slides occur when the bond anchoring a slab to the bed surface releases A bed surface may be the ground or another layer within the snow pack…or a roof Bed surface Snow Pack

20 More hasty pits Temperature gradient =In snow pack (recalcitrant) Kinetic growth form crystals +1º in 10cm = TG Snow Pack

21 Assessing Snow Pack 1 slide How easily do slabs slide on bed surfaces? Rueschblock test Shovel shear and shovel tap tests

22 Human Factor Rider Video

23 Resources and Equipment Books CAIC AAI AAA Gear

24 Plan Route selection Gear selection Partners Skill set The Plan

25 Knowledge and decision making = responsibility Responsibility for others You are your friend’s only hope!

26 Plan What’s the goal/risk relationship? Does everyone agree? Weather history

27 Gear check Weather Contingency plan Compromise? Lead In Time

28 Gear selection Light and fast Safety equipment

29 Partners and group’s skills Skill, commitment, training and fitness

30 The day of…

31 Rescue & Survival 1 slide

32 If you are caught

33 If your friend is caught

34 First aid skills Half of all who die in avalanches, die of trauma Half die from asphyxiation CRP & WFR ABCDEs Airway Breathing Circulation Deformity Environment Prepare for Tx: Trauma Asphyxiation Hypothermia Shock

35 VIDEO Riders Avalanches

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