1.  “...it seems to us that adequate management of the classroom environment forms a necessary condition for cognitive learning; and if the teacher can not solve problems in this sphere, we can give the rest of teaching away.” ( Dunkin and Biddle, 1974) 2015-11-21

2. 1. The positioning of the desks 2. The correction of mistakes 3. The level of noise students produce 4. A television set, video recorder, camera, computer, etc 5. The relationship between teacher and students 6. The language (including instructions) the teacher uses 7. The roles the teacher plays 8. The classroom 9. A good discipline 10. Variety in activities 11. Silence 12. The language the students use 13. The textbook, workbook, teacher’s book 14. The blackboard 15. Light 16. …… 2015-11-22

3. Efficient classroom management can be achieved when the following six conditions are met: 1. The teacher plays appropriate roles. 2. The teacher provides clear instructions. 3. Students are grouped in a way suitable for the learning activities. 4. The teacher asks appropriate questions. 5. There is discipline as well as harmony in the class. 6. The students’ errors are treated properly. 2015-11-23