1. previous next © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Chapter 9: Graphics and Visual Literacy Efficient and Flexible Reading, 7/e Kathleen T. McWhorter

2. previous next © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. 1.To read graphics effectively. 2.To integrate text and graphics. 3.To interpret and evaluate graphic and visual sources. In this chapter you will learn:

3. previous next © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Graphics: Consolidate Information. Explain and Illustrate. Dramatize Information. Display Trends, Patterns, and Variations. Why Graphics Are Used

4. previous next © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. A Strategy for Reading Graphics 1.Read the title or caption and legend. 2.Determine how the graphic is organized. 3.Determine what variables the graphic is concerned with. 4.Determine the scale or unit of measurement. 5.Identify the trend(s), pattern(s), or relationship(s) the graphic is intended to show. 6.Read any footnotes and identify the source. 7.Make a brief summary note.

5. previous next © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Integrating Text and Graphics Notice graphics when pre-reading. Refer to graphics when directed by the author. Read the graphic. Move back and forth between text and graphs. Determine why the text writer included the graphic.

6. previous next © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Types of Graphics: Photographs Add interest. Helps visualization of an event, concept, or feeling. Provide an example of a concept. Illustrate classification systems. Create emotional responses. Create an appreciation of beauty.

7. previous next © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Two types of Maps: Locational maps show exact positions of countries, cities, states, rivers, mountains, etc. Thematic maps provide statistical or factual information about a particular area or region. Types of Graphics: Maps

8. previous next © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. PowerPoint by JoAnn Yaworski, 2001 West Chester University Use the following steps when reading tables: 1.Determine how the data are classified or divided. 2.Make comparisons and look for trends. 3.Draw conclusions. Types of Graphics: Tables

9. previous next © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Bar Graphs: Used to compare quantities or amounts. Show changes over time. Emphasize differences. Types of Graphics Graphs

10. previous next © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Line Graphs: Plot information along a vertical and horizontal axis. Include more data than bar graphs. Types of Graphics: Graphs

11. previous next © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Circle Graphs or Pie charts Show whole/part relationships. Show how parts of a unit have been divided or classified. Types of Graphics: Graphs

12. previous next © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Drawing that explains an object, idea, or process by outlining the item’s organization. Its purpose is to simplify and clarify the writer’s explanation. Types of Graphics: Diagrams

13. previous next © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Organizational Charts: Divide an organization, such as a corporation, hospital, or university into its administrative parts, staff positions, or lines of authority. Types of Graphics: Charts

14. previous next © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Reading Flow Charts: Decide what process the flowchart shows. Follow the chart, using the arrows for each step. Describe the process in your own words. Types of Graphics: Flow Charts

15. previous next © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. A combination of a chart and a graph using symbols or drawings to present information. This pictogram represents buildings to show growth in a real estate business. Types of Graphics: Pictograms

16. previous next © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Cartoons quickly make a point or simply lighten the text with humor. Cartoons often do not have a title or legend and make no reference to the text. Types of Graphics: Cartoons

17. previous next © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. ”Why are graphics included in your courses?Why are graphics included in your courses? ”What steps should you take to read graphics more effectively?What steps should you take to read graphics more effectively? ”How can you integrate graphics with their corresponding printed text?How can you integrate graphics with their corresponding printed text? Summary Questions

18. previous next © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. ”Statistics are subject to manipulation and interpretation, so study graphics with a questioning and critical eye.Statistics are subject to manipulation and interpretation, so study graphics with a questioning and critical eye. ”For example, when reporting averages, is it:For example, when reporting averages, is it: ”The mean (total divided by #)The mean (total divided by #) ”The median (middle value)The median (middle value) ”The mode (most frequent)The mode (most frequent) Critical Thinking Tip #9: Analyzing Statistics

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