1. End Show Slide 1 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biology

2. End Show Slide 2 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 21-1 The Kingdom Fungi

3. End Show 21-1 The Kingdom Fungi Slide 3 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall What Are Fungi? What are the defining characteristics of fungi?

4. End Show 21-1 The Kingdom Fungi Slide 4 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall What Are Fungi? Fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophs that have cell walls. Their cell walls contain chitin, a complex carbohydrate.

5. End Show 21-1 The Kingdom Fungi Slide 5 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall What Are Fungi? Fungi depend on other organisms for food. They digest food outside of their bodies and then absorb it. Some fungi absorb nutrients from decaying matter in the soil. Other fungi are parasites, absorbing nutrients from their hosts.

6. End Show 21-1 The Kingdom Fungi Slide 6 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Structure and Function of Fungi Except for yeasts, all fungi are multicellular. Fungi are made up of thin filaments called hyphae. Each hypha is only one cell thick.

7. End Show 21-1 The Kingdom Fungi Slide 7 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Structure and Function of Fungi In some fungi, cross walls divide hyphae into cells with 1 or 2 nuclei. In the cross walls, there are openings through which the cytoplasm and nuclei can move.

8. End Show 21-1 The Kingdom Fungi Slide 8 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Structure and Function of Fungi Some hyphae lack cross walls and contain many nuclei.

9. End Show 21-1 The Kingdom Fungi Slide 9 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Structure and Function of Fungi What is the internal structure of a fungus?

10. End Show 21-1 The Kingdom Fungi Slide 10 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Structure and Function of Fungi Fungus Structure The bodies of multicellular fungi are composed of many hyphae tangled together into a thick mass called a mycelium. The mycelium permits a large surface area to come in contact with the food source through which it grows.

11. End Show 21-1 The Kingdom Fungi Slide 11 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Structure and Function of Fungi Structure of a Typical Fungus Hyphae Fruiting body Mycelium

12. End Show 21-1 The Kingdom Fungi Slide 12 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Structure and Function of Fungi A mushroom is the fruiting body of a fungus. A fruiting body is a reproductive structure growing from the mycelium in the soil beneath it.

13. End Show 21-1 The Kingdom Fungi Slide 13 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Reproduction in Fungi How do fungi reproduce?

14. End Show 21-1 The Kingdom Fungi Slide 14 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Reproduction in Fungi Most fungi reproduce both asexually and sexually.

15. End Show 21-1 The Kingdom Fungi Slide 15 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Reproduction in Fungi Asexual reproduction occurs when hyphae break off and begin to grow on their own. Some fungi produce spores, which scatter and grow. In some fungi, spores are produced in structures called sporangia. Sporangia are at tips of specialized hyphae called sporangiophores.

16. End Show 21-1 The Kingdom Fungi Slide 16 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Reproduction in Fungi Sexual reproduction involves two mating types: “+” (plus) and “–” (minus). Hyphae of opposite mating types meet and fuse, bringing “+” and “–” nuclei together in one cell.

17. End Show 21-1 The Kingdom Fungi Slide 17 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Reproduction in Fungi After growth and development, the nuclei form a diploid zygote nucleus. The zygote enters meiosis and produces haploid spores. These spores are capable of growing into new organisms.

18. End Show 21-1 The Kingdom Fungi Slide 18 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall How Fungi Spread Many fungi produce dry spores that scatter easily in the wind. If these spores are to germinate, they must land in an environment with the proper combination of temperature, moisture, and food so they can grow. Other fungi are specialized to lure animals, which disperse spores over long distances.

19. End Show - or - Continue to: Click to Launch: Slide 19 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 21-1

20. End Show Slide 20 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 21-1 The cell walls of fungi are made up of a.chitin. b.hyphae. c.mycelium. d.cellulose.

21. End Show Slide 21 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 21-1 The part of the mushroom that appears above ground is the a.mycelium, or main body of the fungus. b.photosynthetic organ of the fungus. c.reproductive structure of the fungus. d.structure used to capture prey.

22. End Show Slide 22 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 21-1 The hyphae that make up multicellular fungi are a.long chains that are several cells thick. b.thin filaments that are sometimes divided into cells. c.the fruiting bodies used in reproduction. d.the structures that grow above ground.

23. End Show Slide 23 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 21-1 Most fungi reproduce a.sexually. b.asexually. c.both sexually and asexually. d.neither sexually or asexually.

24. End Show Slide 24 of 24 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 21-1 Sporangia are found at the tips of specialized hyphae called a.gametangia. b.mycelia. c.sporangiophores. d.sporophytes.

25. END OF SECTION