1. Multiple Tools for IP Control Dan Morrical Iowa State University 515-294-0847 morrical@iastate.edu

2. Old way Drugs, drugs, drugs Newer, stronger, bigger doses No longer sustainable No new drugs

3. Tools available Knowledge Genetics Selective treatment Parasite resistance Rotational grazing Parasite resistance Land resource

4. Knowledge High risk animals High risk times Dry lot versus pasture Stock density

5. Knowledge Larvae levels

7. Typical parasitic lifestyle Eggs: Development from egg to infective (L3) larvae can occur as early as 6 days Molt into L1’s in the egg then hatch Nematodirus develop into L3’s in the egg, then hatch Most ova do not survive very cold ambient temperatures

8. Typical parasitic lifestyle L3’s - infective stage Thick cuticle protects them from drying Cannot feed - finite life span Warm temperatures increase their metabolic rate. Can survive some freezing

9. Haemonchus Adults live in abomasum ingest 0.05ml blood/worm/day 5000 worms will remove 250 ml of blood. Adults are very prolific egg layers Haemonchus L3’s are not as cold hardy as others Most L3’s live for 1-3 months

12. Genetics Katahdin and NSIP Dorpers ?, Boer goats ? Genetic resistance vs production

13. Selective treatment FAMACHA treat pale eyes Labor Faith

14. Resistance Our parasites truly resistant Fecal egg reduction test Drenchrite Refusia

15. Grazing management Better forage production Better health status Enough nutrients to feed sheep and parasites.

16. Land Resource Pasture APasture B Hayed in 07grazed in 07 Grazed in 08hayed in 08

17. Land Resource, option b Pasture APasture B Cattle in 07Sheep in 07 Sheep in 08Cattle in 08

18. Land Resource, option b Pasture APasture B Pasture C Cattle in 07Sheep in 07 Hayed 07 Hayed in 08Cattle in 08 Sheep 08 Sheep in 09Hayed in 09 Cattle 09

19. Safe pastures No sheep or goats from either July 1 to December 31 or January 1 to June 30

20. Alternative approaches K Cat thyme K Sericea Lespedeza K Copper wire bolus K Fungus L DE

21. Research Design Ewes: 0,.5, 1 and 2 g Lambs: 0,.5,.75, 1.0 g

22. Results FEC Ewes: Day 7 FEC increased in ewes to >2000 epg for 0 and.5 gram dose FEC decreased in ewes to <1000epg for 2 g dose Note: 2 g ewes went up to >1500epg on day 35

23. Results PCV Ewes: from day 0 to day 21 all groups went down slightly 4 ewes had to be treated with PCV below 18 None were in the 2 gram group

24. Results AST Lambs: no indication of copper problems Ewes: no indication of copper problems Base diet is pasture and TM salt

25. Applications Extreme care 2 gram dose is like feeding 25 PPM copper for 50 days Documented resistance Use serum AST with 2 g COWP in 5 ewes or less as first step

26. Summary þ Drugs (anthelminics) are not the solution þ Develop whole farm strategy þ Be creative þ Work with your Veterinarian

27. Questions