1. Folded book construction

2. Construction of the book 2 sheets of paper – 1 st paper -hamburger fold with a 1cm tab. 2 nd paper – fold over the top of the 1 st page making 1cm tabs. Fold will be the top; staple twice along the fold.

3. (COVER) (Title) The Nature of Waves Waves spread uniformly from a source. A WAVE is any disturbance that transmits energy through matter or empty space. Energy is the ability to do work or cause change. As a wave travels, it does work on anything in its path. Work = force x distance

4. Mechanical Waves – need a material to travel through called a medium Medium – a solid, liquid, or gas Waves transfer energy. Waves are only temporary. Waves are caused by vibrations. Repeated movements or ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________FOLD_________________________________________________________ Transverse – Waves that move at right angles to the Medium (EM waves) Longitudinal – waves move parallel to the medium (Sound waves) Surface – combination of transverse & longitudinal (water waves) Characteristics & Types of waves

5. Upper half of page 2 Amplitude – maximum distance the particles of the medium move from rest position. * Amplitude is the loudness of a sound wave. Transverse wave Wavelength - the distance between two same parts of a wave - (lambda) Amplitude of a longitudinal wave Wavelength

6. Frequency – the number of complete waves that pass a point in a certain amount of time. Measured in hertz (Hz) 1 wave per second. Speed of a wave varies with the 1. medium 2. pressure 3. temperature Formula: Speed = wavelength x frequency S F Properties of Waves Lower half of page 2

7. Upper half of page 3 1. Reflection – when an object or wave hits a surface & bounces back. Law of Reflection – the angle of the incoming wave and the reflected wave are equal. 2. Refraction – when a wave changes mediums, this changes the speed of a wave and causes it to bend. Sound travels faster in a liquid than a gas.

8. Lower half of page 3 Diffraction – when a wave passes a barrier or moves through a hole, it bends & spreads out. Interference - two or more waves meeting Standing wave – waves that interfere = will result in the appearance of one wave Interactions of waves Constructive interference Destructive interference

9. Back of book Earthquake waves are known as seismic waves. Seismic waves travel out in all directions from the epicenter. As the waves move, they carry the energy through Earth. 3 types of Seismic waves: Primary, Secondary, & Surface P waves – longitudinal S waves – transverse