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Sociology Unit 1 Sociological Perspective Vocabulary
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Sociology Definition: – Social science that studies human society and social behavior.
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Social Interaction Definition: – How people relate to one another and influence each other’s behavior.
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Society Definition: – A group of mutually interdependent people who have organized in such a way as to share a common culture and have a feeling of unity.
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Sociological Perspective Definition: – A viewing of the behavior of groups in systematic ways.
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Social Sciences Definition: – Related disciplines that study various aspects of human social behavior.
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Class Conflict Definition: – Conflict between entire classes over the distribution of a society’s wealth and power.
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Auguste Comte Definition: – Considered the father of sociology. He proposed using the scientific method to study society.
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Herbert Spencer Definition: – Used Darwin’s theory of evolution to describe the nature of society. He believed the best aspects of society, and the fittest societies, would survive over time (“survival of the fittest”).
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Karl Marx Definition: – German sociologist who believed that the structure of society is influenced by how its economy is organized. He felt that conflict is the primary cause of social change.
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Emile Durkheim Definition: French sociologist interested in the functions of different elements of society in maintaining social order
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Max Weber Definition – German sociologist interested in groups within society and the effect of society on the individual.
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positivism Definition: – Used by Auguste Comte, it is the idea of applying the scientific method to the social world.
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Structural-functional approach Definition: – A framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability.
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Social-conflict approach Definition: – A framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change.
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Symbolic-interaction approach Definition: – A framework for building theory that sees society as the product of the everyday interactions of individuals
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Gender-conflict approach Definition: – A point of view that focuses on inequality and conflict between men and women
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Race-conflict approach Definition: – A point of view that focuses on inequality and conflict between people of different racial and ethnic categories.
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