1. Cytology244 First Term of year 1432- 1433 Dr.Manal Farhoud - Nuha AL-Abdulhadi lab 1

3. The compound Microscope: The compound light microscope is one of the most important instrument used in zoology. The applications of the microscope : 1- It is used to study cells & cell parts 2- It is used to study the organization of tissues & the structure of developing embryos.

4. - How to maintain the microscope: 1- Always carry your microscope with both hands. 2- Grasp the arm of the microscope firmly with one hand and support the base with the other hand. 3- Place it gently on your desk with the arm facing you. 4- Always remember that this expensive scientific instrument is assigned to you for your use and safe – keeping 5-Notify your laboratory instructor if you observe any malfunction or if you have any difficulty in the use of your microscope

5. *The parts of the microscope can be grouped in three system : 1- The mounting and movement system 2- The magnification system 3- The illumination system

6. 1.The mounting and movement system : 1- The base : It is the supporting stand. 2- The arm : It is support the upper part of the microscope. 3- The stage : * It is used to hold the slide. * Some microscopes are provided with clips to hold the slide. 1 3 2

7. >>The mounting and movement system :. 4-The coarse focusing knob : Its used to raise and lower the stage. 5- The fine focusing knob : Its used of the purpose of focusing for the sharpest image. 6.The body tube : Its consist of the ocular lens at the end and the objective lenses at the other end. 5 6 4

8. 2.The magnification system : 1. The principle purpose of a microscope is to magnify the image of the objects. 2.The magnification of an object is determined by multiplying the power of the objective lens by the power of the ocular lens. * Example : 10x ocular  10x objective =100x total magnification bjective + 400x total magnification

9. 3.The illumination system : 1.The illuminator : It’s the source of the light. 2.The condenser : It’s collected and concentrate the light that passes through the aperture in the stage towards the slide. 3.The iris diaphragm : It’s controlling the amount of the light to be passed through the lenses. 1 2 3

11. NUHA