1. KINGDOM PLANTAE Unit 2 - Biodiversity

2. Kingdom Characteristics  Multicellular  Eukaryotic  Cell walls made of cellulose.  Autotrophic (photosynthesis)  They can make their own food using sunlight, carbon dioxide and water.

3. Plant Groups  Mosses  Ferns  Gymnosperms (cone bearing plants)  Angiosperms (flowering plants)  These 4 groups fall into one of 2 major categories  Vascular  Non-Vascular

4. Vascular Plants  carries H 2 O a long distance  plants have roots, leaves, stems  90% of plants are vascular  Roots grow continuously, absorb water and minerals.  Water exits plants through pores in leaves - stomata  Exs.  Ferns  Gymnosperms  Angiosperms

5. Non-Vascular Plants - Mosses  plants lack vascular tissue.  no true roots, leaves, or stems.  Do have Rhizoids, long thin strands of cells that help hold plant to soil.

6. Non-Vascular Plants Mosses

7. Moss  Do NOT have vascular tissue  Depend on water for reproduction  Draw water by osmosis.  Grow only a few cm from the ground.  First land plants.

8. First Vascular Plants Ferns

9.  Have vascular tissue – xylem and phloem  Produce spores to reproduce  Depend on water for reproduction  Leaves are called fronds  A fiddlehead is a tightly coiled new leaf  Underground stem called a rhizome

10. Cone Bearing Plants Gymnosperms

11.  Reproduce with seeds that are exposed  Reproductive structures are cones  Large woody cone is female  Smaller fleshy cone is male  Pollination usually occurs by wind  Pollen grains (sperm) have wing-like projections FemaleMale

12. Flowering Plants Angiosperms

13. Types of Angiosperms  Named on the number of seed leaves or cotyledons.  Monocot 1 seed leaf  Dicot 2 seed leaf

14. Monocots

15.  1 seed leaf  Flowering parts in multiples of 3.  Parallel veins  Vascular bundles scattered  Ex. Corn and Lily  Fibrous Root

16. Dicots

17.  2 seed leaves  Flowering parts in multiples of 4 or 5  Branched veins  vascular bundles in a ring  Tap Root  Ex. Bean, Rose, and Maple

18. Monocots vs. Dicots

19. FLOWER PARTS (K. PLANTAE) Unit 2 - Biodiversity

20. Angiosperms  Have unique reproductive organs called flowers.  Flowers contain ovaries, which surround and protect the seeds once fertilized it becomes a fruit.  The seed is enclosed.  Ovary develops into a fruit, which protects the seed and helps on dispersal.  Contains both male and female parts

21. Flower Parts  The female part is called the pistil.  The male part is called the stamen.

22. Stamen  The male reproductive structure of a flowering plant.  Consists of two parts  anther Contains pollen  Filament

23. Parts of the Stamen  Anther  the structure located on top of the stamen and produces the pollen.

24. Parts of the Stamen  Pollen  Pollen is the male sex cell that donates half of the DNA to make a seed.  It is a powdery substance, usually orange or yellow in color, that gets carried by pollinators.

25. Parts of the Stamen  Filament  a thread-like part that holds up the anther

26. Pistil/Carpel  the female reproductive structure of a flowering plant

27. Parts of the Pistil/Carpel  The innermost flower part  Produces female gametes (ovule)  Consists of three parts  Stigma  Style  Ovary

28. Parts of the Pistil/Carpel  Stigma  the sticky surface on the top of the pistil; it traps and holds the pollen.

29. Parts of the Pistil/Carpel  Style  the tube-like structure that holds up the stigma

30. Parts of the Pistil/Carpel  Ovary  the plant part at the bottom of the flower that has ovules inside this turns into the fruit and seeds we eat.

31. Parts of the Pistil/Carpel  Ovules  the female sex cells inside the ovary that donate half the DNA to become the seed. (They become the seeds when pollinated or fertilized by the pollen.)

32. Other Flower Parts  Petal  the colorful flower parts that surround the reproductive structures.  Function is to attract pollinators

33. Other Flower Parts  Sepal  the green petal-like parts at the base of the flower; they help protect the bud when it develops

34. Perfect Flowers  Perfect  flowers that have both male and female parts (ex. Roses, lilies, and pea plants)

35. Imperfect Flowers  Imperfect:  flowers with male or female parts (ex- cucumbers, pumpkins, and melons

36. Pollinators  A pollinator is something that moves pollen from the male parts to the female parts.