3. Hunger

4. Theories of Motivation

5. Theories of Emotion

6. Stress Psychology

7. Social Motives

8. Anything Goes!

9. $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 Hunger Theories of Motivation Theories of Emotion Stress Psychology Social Motives Anything Goes

10. How does memory affect hunger?

11. We use the memory of our last meal to gauge our hunger

12. What types of food do we have a genetic predisposition for?

13. Salty and sweet

14. Type of sugar needed by cells for energy; When these levels drop, we feel hungry

15. Glucose

16. What is the job of the lateral hypothalamus?

17. Activity brings on hunger; “launches hunger”

18. What three hormones are associated with hunger?

19. Orexin: triggers hunger (released by LH) Ghrelin: arouses hunger (released by pancreas and lining of the stomach) Leptin: positively correlated with fat stores; when low, released and imitates hunger

20. Specific, inborn behavior patterns characteristic of an entire species

21. Instincts

22. What theory: Motivated behavior is an attempt to reduce a bodily state of tension/arousal and return the body to homeostasis

23. Drive Reduction

24. What is intrinsic motivation?

25. Motivation is provided by the activity itself

26. On Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, what are the needs for appreciation and respect called??

27. Esteem needs

28. What is the Yerkes-Dodson law?

29. The more complex the task, the lower the level of arousal can be tolerated without interfering with performance

30. A stimulus produces a physiological response  emotion is experienced

31. James-Lange Theory

32. Theory that says physiological arousal and emotional experience occur at the same time (and independently)

33. Cannon-Bard Theory

34. Emotion = physical arousal + cognitive label

35. Two-Factor Theory

36. Creators of the Two Factor Theory

37. Stanley Schacter and Jerome Singer

38. What was Walter Cannon’s criticism of the James-Lange theory of emotion?

39. The body’s responses to emotions are all very similar

40. What is stress?

41. The unpleasant emotional state that results from the perception of danger

42. The immediate reaction to the stressor in which a fight or flight reaction is exhibited

43. Alarm reaction

44. Type of conflict that exists when faced with two desirable alternatives

45. Approach-Approach

46. How can stress affect your sleep- awake cycle?

47. Cortisol is released in reaction to a stressor; Cortisol helps you wake; Cortisol keeps you up!

48. What is the “tend and befriend” response to stress?

49. Often exhibited by women instead of the fight or flight response; Involves soothing others, forming social alliances, and/or hiding

50. The need to excel, to overcome obstacles, and outperform others

51. Achievement motivation

52. The need to be with others

53. Affiliation motive

54. What kind of tasks do people high in achievement motivation prefer?

55. Moderately difficult; Success is attainable and attributable to their skill and effort

56. From an evolutionary point of view, why do we have a need to affiliate?

57. Social bonds helped our ancestors survive; Survival was enhanced by cooperation; Loneliness was a warning that something was wrong!

58. Who studied achievement motivation?

59. David McClelland

60. What findings have psychologists found regarding aggression and gender?

61. Men are more likely than females to act aggressively (across all cultures and all times!)

62. What is a “set point” in regards to weight?

63. The point at which an individual’s “weight thermostat” is set; When the body falls below this point, an increase in hunger occurs

64. What is the catharsis hypothesis regarding aggression?

65. Releasing aggressive energy through fantasy and action relieves aggressive urges; Not true!

66. Why do we gain weight?

67. Biological factors, set point theory, fat cells, gender, lifestyle

68. How does hemispheric activity relate to emotions?

69. Left hemisphere activity is correlated with positive emotions; Right hemisphere is associated with negative emotions