1. The Late Medieval Papacy Exile, Schism, Resolution

2. The Papacy and its Critics Donation of Constantine: Claims to domination Boniface VIII: Conflict with Philip IV of France – Unam Sanctam Move to Avignon: Clement V in 1309 Quarrel over apostolic poverty, Spiritual Franciscans (John XXII) Schism – 1377 Gregory XI moves back to Rome, dies soon after – Urban VI, Roman pope / Clement VII, Avignon pope

3. Resolution of the Schism John Wyclif in England – Source 1.18 Jan Hus in Bohemia – Source 1.19 Conciliarism – Sources 1.13-1.14 Council of Pisa 1409 – Alexander V, John XXIII Emperor Sigismund takes over Council of Constance – Source 1.15 Three tasks: schism, heresy, reform Voting by “nations” – Election of Martin V Decree Frequens – Popes reject: Sources 1.16- 1.17 Councils in Basel, Ferrara, Florence – Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, Gallicanism

4. The Renaissance Papacy Doctrine of papal infallibility: not until Vatican I (1869-70) Personal character of popes – Alexander VI (Borgia) – Julius II – Leo X (Medici) Refusal to call council Critiques: – Source 1.29 (Valla) – Source 1.30 (Erasmus)

5. Late medieval piety The scholastics: – Source 1.20: biblical interpretation – Source 1.21: justification The mystics – Source 1.22, 1.26 Luther’s mentor: 1.27 An evangelical satirist: 1.28 Meister Eckhart (1260- 1327) – What efforts does the soul make? What does God do? Sermon V p. 16: union with God leaves no distinction Trinitarian theology: means of understanding union Sermon VII: God’s grace and man’s will must co-operate Inwardness and outward expression (25)