1. French Revolution World History

2. Louis XIV – The Sun King “l‘etat, c’est moi” “l‘etat, c’est moi” I am the state I am the state Built France into one of the most powerful nations in Europe Built France into one of the most powerful nations in Europe Disbanded Estates General Disbanded Estates General Spent vast amounts of money on arts Spent vast amounts of money on arts Created extensive military Created extensive military Built Versailles Built Versailles Left France deeply in debt Left France deeply in debt 1643-1715

3. Versailles

4. Louis XV: 1715-1774 Continued deficit spending Continued deficit spending Taxed the third estate unmercifully Taxed the third estate unmercifully Pursued pleasure before the business of the state Pursued pleasure before the business of the state When warned that France was in serious danger of collapse, he replied, When warned that France was in serious danger of collapse, he replied, “For now, all is well. After me, the deluge.” “For now, all is well. After me, the deluge.”

5. Louis XVI – The Last King Inherited a huge economic crisis Inherited a huge economic crisis Starvation was very real in the cities Starvation was very real in the cities France deeply in debt France deeply in debt Called Estates General to try to raise funds by enticing bourgeoisie to raise taxes on themselves. Called Estates General to try to raise funds by enticing bourgeoisie to raise taxes on themselves. Third Estate objected to unfair conditions and demanded reform Third Estate objected to unfair conditions and demanded reform 1774-1793

6. Marie Antoinette Nicknamed “Madam Deficit” Nicknamed “Madam Deficit” Daughter of Marie Teresa of Austria Daughter of Marie Teresa of Austria Had little understanding of the conditions of the lower classes Had little understanding of the conditions of the lower classes Confused by march on women on Versailles. Confused by march on women on Versailles. When told that the masses had no bread, she is said to have declared, “Let them eat cake!” When told that the masses had no bread, she is said to have declared, “Let them eat cake!”

7. Background Information 1789 United States founded and the French Revolution begins 1789 United States founded and the French Revolution begins The Three Estates The Three Estates First Estate First Estate Second Estate Second Estate Third Estate Third Estate Financial Crisis Financial Crisis

8. Meeting of the Estates-General Estates General meeting at Versailles on May 5, 1789 Estates General meeting at Versailles on May 5, 1789 Tennis Court Oath Tennis Court Oath Storming the Bastille Storming the Bastille

9. A New Constitution In 1791 the National Assembly implemented a new constitution, which created a limited monarchy. In 1791 the National Assembly implemented a new constitution, which created a limited monarchy. The Assembly consisted of 745 representatives and chosen so the more affluent people were elected. The Assembly consisted of 745 representatives and chosen so the more affluent people were elected. All male citizens had the same rights, but only men over 25 who paid a specified amount in taxes could vote. All male citizens had the same rights, but only men over 25 who paid a specified amount in taxes could vote. Louis XVI tried to flee France in June 1791. Louis XVI tried to flee France in June 1791.

10. Causes of the French Revolution Enlightenment ideas—liberty and equality  Example furnished by the American Revolution  Social and economic injustices of the Old Regime Long Term Causes:  Economic crisis—famine and government debt  Weak leadership  Discontent of the Third Estate Immediate Causes: REVOLUTION  Fall of the Bastille  National Assembly  Declaration of the Rights of Man and a new constitution

11. A New Regime August 4, 1789 – National Assembly abolishes the rights of landlords August 4, 1789 – National Assembly abolishes the rights of landlords August 26, 1789 – National Assembly adopts the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen August 26, 1789 – National Assembly adopts the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen October 6, 1789 – King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette become virtual prisoners in Paris. October 6, 1789 – King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette become virtual prisoners in Paris.

12. Church Reforms The National Assembly seized and sold the lands of the Catholic Church. The National Assembly seized and sold the lands of the Catholic Church. A Civil Constitution was put into place, in which the bishops and priests were to be elected by the people and paid by the state. A Civil Constitution was put into place, in which the bishops and priests were to be elected by the people and paid by the state.

13. Robespierre Leader of the Revolution Leader of the Revolution Become dictator of France Become dictator of France Institutes Reign of Terror Institutes Reign of Terror Enemies of the Committee of Public Safetey sent to the guillotine Enemies of the Committee of Public Safetey sent to the guillotine Robespierre is himself eventually beheaded as well Robespierre is himself eventually beheaded as well

14. Louis XVI is Guillotined

15. France’s War with Austria Rulers of Austria and Prussia threatened to use military power to restore Louis XVI to full power. Rulers of Austria and Prussia threatened to use military power to restore Louis XVI to full power. The Legislative Assembly declared war on Austria in the spring of 1792. The Legislative Assembly declared war on Austria in the spring of 1792. The French were not successful in their fight against the Austrians. The French were not successful in their fight against the Austrians.

16. Rise of the Paris Commune Members of the Paris Commune took the king captive. Members of the Paris Commune took the king captive. The Legislative Assembly was forced to suspend the monarchy and call for a National Convention to chose the future form of government for France. The Legislative Assembly was forced to suspend the monarchy and call for a National Convention to chose the future form of government for France.

17. Warm Up Grab a book. Grab a book. Spend 5 minutes or so creating a flow chart of events for the French Revolution. The flow chart is on the front table. Spend 5 minutes or so creating a flow chart of events for the French Revolution. The flow chart is on the front table.

18. Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen A new “declaration of independence” created A new “declaration of independence” created Modeled after American Declaration Modeled after American Declaration “All men were born free and equal in rights.” “All men were born free and equal in rights.” Freedom of religion Freedom of religion Taxed according to ability to pay Taxed according to ability to pay “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity” “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity” A new constitution created. A new constitution created.

19. Age of Napoleon Ruler of France from 1799 until 1815 Ruler of France from 1799 until 1815 Gained power with military success Gained power with military success 1799 took part in coup d’etat (sudden overthrowing of the government) 1799 took part in coup d’etat (sudden overthrowing of the government) Although the new government was a republic Napoleon, the new consulate, had absolute power Although the new government was a republic Napoleon, the new consulate, had absolute power 1802 made consul for life 1802 made consul for life

20. Emperor Napoleon I 1804 declared himself the Emperor Napoleon I 1804 declared himself the Emperor Napoleon I Established peace with the Catholic church in 1801 Established peace with the Catholic church in 1801 Introduced Civil Code, or Napoleonic Code Introduced Civil Code, or Napoleonic Code Developed centralized and powerful bureaucracy Developed centralized and powerful bureaucracy Shut down 60 of France’s 73 newspapers Shut down 60 of France’s 73 newspapers Napoleon’s empire grew greatly during his rule Napoleon’s empire grew greatly during his rule

22. Napoleon Falls Napoleon’s success came to a rather quick end in 1812 after his invasion of Russia. Napoleon’s success came to a rather quick end in 1812 after his invasion of Russia. Napoleon’s Grand Army of over 600,000 men entered Russia headed towards Moscow. Napoleon’s Grand Army of over 600,000 men entered Russia headed towards Moscow. After running out of supplies and food the march was abandoned and the “Great Retreat” across Russia began. After running out of supplies and food the march was abandoned and the “Great Retreat” across Russia began. Napoleon was sent to Elba and the Bourbon monarchy was restored Napoleon was sent to Elba and the Bourbon monarchy was restored

23. Napoleon Falls Continued Returned to power in March 20, 1815 Returned to power in March 20, 1815 Attacked Waterloo on June 18, 1815 were Napoleon and his army were defeated by a combined British and Prussian army under the command of the Duke of Wellington Attacked Waterloo on June 18, 1815 were Napoleon and his army were defeated by a combined British and Prussian army under the command of the Duke of Wellington Napoleon once again exiled, but to St. Helena Napoleon once again exiled, but to St. Helena

24. Summary of French Revolution Toward the end of the 1700s, the reign of France’s monarchs came to a violent end. Several forces— Enlightenment ideas, terrible economic conditions, and a bourgeoisie anxious for more power—combined to spark a momentous revolution in 1789 that swept out the old regime and ushered in a new government. However, the revolutionaries soon battled each other, and terror gripped France for several years. Into this chaos stepped a French army officer, Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon seized control of the country and then built an empire that dominated much of western Europe. The other European powers eventually defeated Napoleon and convened the Congress of Vienna in 1814. There, they reestablished order and balance among the nations of Europe.