1. Democratic Socialist Republic of SRI LANKA Population18 Million Population18 Million Area65000 SQKM Area65000 SQKM TemperatureMax 36 c TemperatureMax 36 c Min 13 c Capital CityColombo Capital CityColombo

2. Location and Geography

3. Regional Population Densities

4. Regional Rainfall

5. Regional Temperature

6. HOUSING POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT OF SRI LANKA BY ENG. M.B.HEMADASA Department of Buildings Ministry of Housing Plantation & Infrastructure SRI LANKA

7. Department of Buildings; Implement government buildings projects; Implement government buildings projects; Advises the government on policies, regulations, and standards for building Advises the government on policies, regulations, and standards for building construction works; and Provides consultancy services to central government on feasibility analyses of project proposals, planning, design, estimation construction of buildings and their services. Provides consultancy services to central government on feasibility analyses of project proposals, planning, design, estimation construction of buildings and their services.

8. Department of Buildings Has following specialists divisions: Architectural, Structural, Electrical and Air Conditioning, Mechanical, Water supply and sewerage, Estimation, Contract, Finance and Management development. Has following specialists divisions: Architectural, Structural, Electrical and Air Conditioning, Mechanical, Water supply and sewerage, Estimation, Contract, Finance and Management development. Total staff strength is 621. Total staff strength is 621. This comprise of; 69Engineers; 10 Architects; 85 Technical officers; 52Draft persons; and other supporting staff.

9. Housing Policy National Housing Development Authority Act No. 17 of 1979 Objectives; 1. Construction of flats, houses and other living accommodations or houses; 2. Formulate schemes to alleviate the housing shortage; 3. Clearance of slums and shanty areas and redevelopment of such areas; 4. To promote housing development; 5. To develop lands to carryout any of objectives of government in providing housing facilities;

10. Objectives; contd. 6.To make land available for housing development 7.To provide financial or other assistance to persons engaged in any activity similar to any of the policies; 8.To conduct, promote and co-ordinate activities in relation to all aspects of housing development; and 9.To do all that other acts as may be necessary or conducive to attainment any of or all of the above policies.

11. Implementation of Policies 1.To prepare and execute proposals, plans and projects for; a).The erection, conversion, improvement and extension of any flat, house or other living accommodation or any other building for residential purposes; b).The sale, lease, mortgage or rental of such flat, house or other living accommodation or building; c).The clearance and redevelopment of slums shanties, tenements and other buildings which are congested, unsightly or unsanitary; d).The resettlement of persons displaced or likely to be displaced by any of the operations of housing construction; 2. To manage all lands, flats houses and other living accommodations and buildings or other property;

12. Implementation of Policies; contd 3.To provide loans on such terms and conditions as may be prescribed to enable persons; a)To purchase flats, houses or other living accommodations; b)To purchase lands for the construction of flats, houses and other living accommodations; and c)To construct flats, houses and other living accommodations; 4.To conduct related research and surveys; 5.To establish new housing estates and to encourage self-help housing projects and the provision of amenities for the inhabitants of such estates or projects including transport and other services ;

13. Implementation of Policies; contd 6.To enter into and perform through Government departments, public corporations or any agent authorized in that behalf all such contracts as it may necessary for the carrying out of any of the above policies; 7.To accept gifts, grants, donations, or subsidies for carrying out above policies; 8.To obtain loans on such terms and conditions as may be approved by the Minister for the purpose of carrying out above policies; 9.To charge rents for any flat, house or other living accommodation or any building provided by the government; and 10. To charge fees for any services or facilities provided.

14. Housing Policy Future Prospects 1.Allow improved private sector participation in the housing development. 2.Improve the government’s assistance for poor, for development of their housing accommodations. 3.Improve the assistance for low and middle income families from private banks by way of loans. 4.Introduce new technology for faster construction of durable, reusable housing structures for housing construction and disposal of waste in hygienic way.

15. Housing Policy Future Prospects contd. Housing Policy Future Prospects contd. 5.Improve the supply of facilities: supply of portable water and electricity, proper systems of disposal of solid waste, storm water, waste water and sewerage, for maintaining good hygienic environment. 6.Encourage for simple and small housing units with efficient mobility within, so that it involves fewer finances and make structure smaller making minimized adverse environmental impact.

16. Housing Policy – Issues and Countermeasures 1.Lack of lands to build housing accommodations in urban areas. 2.Reluctance of people to leave the urban areas for their accommodations. 3.Lack of funds allocated by the government for housing. 4.Private sector caters the demands of rich and middle income grades and ignores poor. 5.Encroaching low lying lands, illegal filling of low lying lands, could create adverse environmental impacts.

17. Housing Policy – Issues and Countermeasures contd. 6.Poor quality of construction and improper maintenance of available flats. This has made old flat dilapidated and become unsafe and unhygienic. 7.Improvement of existing housing projects needs the improvement of necessary infrastructure facilities also. Heavy costs of projects discourage government to allocate funds. 8.Provide more assistance to low income and poor families to build their own house and required services etc, by way of providing loans. Encourage government and private banks in this regard.

18. Housing Policy – Issues and Countermeasures contd. 9.Introduction of low cost new technology and materials, and popularize them among people through community based programmes. 10.Transfer of ownership to occupants.

19. THE TECHNOLOGY Size of a Housing Unit 1. Type of dweller-eg shanty dweller, slum dweller etc; 2. Family income (Low income, middle income etc); 3. Infrastructure facilities available for the location; 4. Extent of land allocated for new construction; 5.Availability of funds.

20. THE TECHNOLOGY contd. THE TECHNOLOGY contd. Construction The construction work is executed in two ways: 1.Through direct labour (community participation); and 2.Through the contractor.

21. THE TECHNOLOGY contd. Materials and construction methods Use familiar materials Use familiar materials Use in-site construction methods Use in-site construction methods In rural areas traditional materials and methods are being used. In rural areas traditional materials and methods are being used. Only government had the pre-cast technology and capability. But with the open economy system those abilities were disappeared from the government institutions. Only government had the pre-cast technology and capability. But with the open economy system those abilities were disappeared from the government institutions. At present, private sector institutions are gaining the capability on pre-cast technology. At present, private sector institutions are gaining the capability on pre-cast technology. Research institutions are encouraging people to use new construction materials and follow new construction methods, and practices. Research institutions are encouraging people to use new construction materials and follow new construction methods, and practices.

22. Environment and Safety Urban Development Authority (Amendment) Act No.4 of 1982 This Act provides following regulations related to physical development of lands and buildings, local authorities have to follow these regulations regard to the services to be provided to the community. Regulate the lands as zones for different purposes as residential, commercial and industrial zones. Regulate the lands as zones for different purposes as residential, commercial and industrial zones. Security of the area Security of the area Laying off lands for future development. Laying off lands for future development.

23. Environment and Safety contd. Environment and Safety contd. Imposes restrictions in regard to the parameters of buildings regard to floor area, location, density, height, stability and safety of buildings. Imposes restrictions in regard to the parameters of buildings regard to floor area, location, density, height, stability and safety of buildings. Provide standards for healthier accommodation requirements such as lighting and ventilation, traffic and transport facilities, power supply, waste disposal etc. Provide standards for healthier accommodation requirements such as lighting and ventilation, traffic and transport facilities, power supply, waste disposal etc. Provide regulations for control of pollution and environmental quality, preservation and promoting land-scaping, preservation of lands of scenic beauty etc. Provide regulations for control of pollution and environmental quality, preservation and promoting land-scaping, preservation of lands of scenic beauty etc.

24. ENERGY Energy is a scarce resource and it has to be conserved. Energy is a scarce resource and it has to be conserved. The energy consumption for a project can be divided into three phases; The energy consumption for a project can be divided into three phases; 1.embodied energy; 2.operational energy; and 3.energy for disposal. Construction methods, practices and operations are wastefully using the energy in Sri Lanka. Construction methods, practices and operations are wastefully using the energy in Sri Lanka. Presently Sri Lankan professional are considering introduction of energy efficient methods and practices to the construction industry in Sri Lanka. Presently Sri Lankan professional are considering introduction of energy efficient methods and practices to the construction industry in Sri Lanka.

25. ENERGY contd. Following are the some of the approaches suggested by many authors to reduce the use of energy in buildings projects vegetation in the city can reduce overall ambient temperature by as much as 2-3 C which will reduce the vegetation in the city can reduce overall ambient temperature by as much as 2-3 C which will reduce the cooling load. vegetable greenery cover over a building has a cooling effect on the surrounding and also reduces cooling load for inside the buildings; vegetable greenery cover over a building has a cooling effect on the surrounding and also reduces cooling load for inside the buildings; avoid the use of high energy embodied materials avoid the use of high energy embodied materials use natural breeze and ventilation to provide comfort use natural breeze and ventilation to provide comfort

26. ENERGY contd. place the building away from hostile environmental conditions; avoid excessive solar heat. place the building away from hostile environmental conditions; avoid excessive solar heat. new buildings generate traffic in amounts which the surrounding streets can not accommodate thus increasing the energy consumption of transport. new buildings generate traffic in amounts which the surrounding streets can not accommodate thus increasing the energy consumption of transport. energy efficient equipments can reduce the operating energy energy efficient equipments can reduce the operating energy