1. Environmental Controls I/IG Lecture 7 Climate Comfort Strategies Bioclimatic Architecture

3. Typical exterior conditions as experienced over several years Climate

4. Description of temperatures, humidity, precipitation, wind, and cloudiness Weather

5. Regional climate and local weather affected by the… Climate

6. … which creates seasonal effects which are further enhanced by the… (1) Revolution of Earth around Sun

7. …which changes the solar angles. These angle changes and atmospheric conditions affect the… (2) Declination of the Earth’s axis L: p. 130 F 6.8a

8. …reaching the earth’s surface. As radiation reaches the surface, convection air loops are formed. These currents are altered by the… (3) Solar Radiation

9. (4) Rotation of the Earth … that forms air currents known as the “prevailing westerlies” and various sea currents. These flow patterns in turn are altered by… Prevailing Westerlies

10. …such as channels, mountains, hills, valleys, and canyons. (5) Surface Characteristics

11. Climate Zones North American climate zones were originally perceived as distinct and broad.

12. Olgyay Bioclimatic Chart Developed to quantify shifts to comfort zone Adding moisture Adding ventilation Adjust MRT Adjust solar radiation

13. Bioclimatic Chart 86ºF/ 30% RH 275 fpm wind 7 grains H 2 O/# of air 78.3ºF MRT 100ºF/ 10% RH 28 grains H 2 O/# of air 48ºF/ 40% RH 295 Btuh Radiation

14. AIA Climate Zones

15. Psychrometric Profile Zone 4

16. Psychrometric Profile Zone 4

17. Comfort Strategies Approaches to thermal comfort Technology based Bioclimatic based

18. Technology Based Uses conventional mechanical systems as primary thermal comfort strategy

19. Pre 1900Vernacular/ low technology 1906Air-conditioning 1917Curtain wall 1934Thermopane window 1937Fluorescent lighting 1945Mass production 1951Nuclear powered electricity 1972/1978Energy crises ~1985Smart technology Bioclimatics 1995+Technology + bioclimatics Technology Timeline

20. Low Technology & Vernacular

21. Conventional Technology

22. Comfort Ventilation

23. Evaporative Cooling

24. High Thermal Mass

25. High Thermal Mass with Night Ventilation

26. Internal Gains

27. Humidification

28. Passive and Active Solar

29. Strategy Selection 86ºF/ 30% RH Natural Ventilation Evaporative Cooling High Mass Cooling 100ºF/ 10% RH Evaporative Cooling High Mass Cooling w/ Night Ventilation 48ºF/ 40% RH Passive Solar (~1475 Btu/ft 2 -day)

30. Bioclimatic Based Uses building form and climate opportunities as initial strategy

31. Bioclimatic Architecture Climate adaptive takes advantage of local climate to enhance comfort Climate rejecting relies primarily on mechanical systems enhance thermal comfort

32. Climate Adaptive Buildings Architectural form creates microclimates Natural ventilation/daylight Seasonally dynamic Thermal mass

33. Climate Rejecting Buildings Ignore local climate Primarily use HVAC Seasonally static Light weight material

34. Bioclimatic- Residential Small scale, low rise, personal user

35. Bioclimatic-Commercial Large scale, low, mid and high rise, public user

36. Bioclimatic-Institutional High density, low and mid rise, public and personal user