1. Electoral Assistance Quotas for women: Elections in Afghanistan

2. The concept : Electoral gender quotas are being introduced in countries where women have been almost entirely excluded from politics. The introduction of electoral quotas is a way to increase female representation. Gender quotas may apply to the number of female candidates proposed by a party for election, or they may take the form of reserved seats in the legislature.

3. PLAN I) Gender quotas: Effective or Utopian? a) Gender quotas in Afghanistan can have a positive impact on governance and society issues b) Gender quotas’ flaws: its non-democratic roots II) Reality behind this measure in Afghanistan a) The truth behind quotas b) Education of women is as important as implementing quotas

4. Afghan women in Parliament source photo : Le Monde Diplomatique

5. Source : Governance and Social Development : Helpdesk Research Report: Gender and Elections in Afghanistan 72% of men think they should advise women on their voting choices 23% of women said they would not be given permission by their husbands or fathers to vote. 26% not understanding how the elections work 26% not understanding politics 10% not knowing enough about parties and candidates 7% no interest 5%) not supporting any party 3% scared of violence or intimidation

6. Sources Dahlerup Drude. 1998. Using Quotas to Increase Women's Political Representation (http://www.idea.int/women/)http://www.idea.int/women/ Drude Dahlerup, 2005 Women, Quotas and Politics Wendy R. Robison, Women and Education in Iran and Afghanistan: An Annotated Bibliography of Sources in English, 1975- 2003 Mona Lena Krook, 2010 Quotas for Women in Politics: Gender and Candidate Selection Reform Worldwide Manon Tremblay, 2008 Women and Legislative Representation: Electoral Systems, Political Parties, and Sex Quotas Helpdesk Research Report, 2009 Gender and Elections in Afghanistan http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/documents/GSDRC_Afghanistan_GenderAndElections.pdf. http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/documents/GSDRC_Afghanistan_GenderAndElections.pdf Département de l’information de l’ONU, " Les femmes, la paix et la sécurité" http://www.un.org/womenwatch/ianwge/taskforces/wps/WPS_Facts_fr.pdf. http://www.un.org/womenwatch/ianwge/taskforces/wps/WPS_Facts_fr.pdf Inter-Parliamentary Union, Women in National Parliaments: Situation as of 25 September 2000 http://www.ipu.org/wmn- e/classif.htmhttp://www.ipu.org/wmn- e/classif.htm