1. OFFSCREEN EXPEDITIONS EDUCATION EPISODE 04 INTRODUCTION TO TAXILA Copyright © Digital Explorer 2010 This resource may be reproduced for educational purposes only. A resource by:

2. GANDHARA WAS A CIVILIZATION ON THE BORDER OF PRESENT DAY PAKISTAN AND AFGHANISTAN FROM 530 BCE TO 1021 CE Image: © 2010 Google, © 2010 Europa Technologies, US Dept of State Geographer, © Mapabc.com

3. GANDHARA IS BEST KNOWN FOR A STYLE OF BUDDHIST ART THAT MIXED WESTERN AND ASIAN STYLES. Photo Credit: PHGCOM

4. THIS ARTISTIC CROSSOVER HAPPENED BECAUSE GANDHARA WAS AT THE CROSSROADS OF DIFFERENT EMPIRES AND CULTURES. GREEK PERSIAN CHINESE INDIAN MIDDLE EASTERN CENTRAL ASIAN GANDHARA

5. IN 1980 THIS AREA WAS RECOGNISED AS A WORLD HERITAGE SITE

6. ONE OF THE SITES IN THE TAXILA REGION IS JAULIAN SAID TO BE THE FIRST UNIVERSITY IN THE WORLD.

7. THE MONASTERY WAS ARRANGED ON TWO STOREYS AND INCLUDED KITCHENS, PRAYER ROOMS AS WELL AS MONKS’ CELLS.

8. THIS AREA IN THE MIDDLE WAS A CROSS BETWEEN A SWIMMING POOL AND A BATH FOR THE MONKS TO WASH IN.

9. ALL THE GUIDES THAT WE MET WERE VERY PROUD OF PAKISTAN’S MULTI- CULTURAL HERITAGE…

10. …EXPLAINING THAT THEY STILL FELT THE TRADITIONS OF MEDITATION EVEN THOUGH THEY ARE MUSLIM AND NOT BUDDHIST.