1. China After Mao

2. The Death of Mao Mao Zedong died in 1976 Viewed as a Revolutionary hero despite disastrous mistakes He restored order, ended foreign domination & made China a world power Zhou Enlai-Premier of China also dies in 1976 After Mao’s death  power struggle between radicals & moderates. Eventually moderates controlled China

3. New Leadership 1977 Deng Xiaoping-new leader of China who ends period of “Redness vs. Expertise” Considered himself a moderate One of Mao’s critics during the Great Leap Forward Aligned himself with Liu Shaoqi Target of the Cultural Revolution Confined to house arrest Son thrown out of window by Red Guards-crippled for life 1973-Deng recalled to Comm Party- Vice Premier to Zhou Enlai

4. Deng Xiaoping Once in power, moderates began to expel radicals from the Communist Party Gang of Four-Mao’s wife, Jiang Qing and 3 radical associates were jailed-attempted to seize power from the moderates Set China on a new economic path  Capitalism “I don’t care if a cat is black or white,” he declared, “as long as it catches mice.”

5. Demaoization After the arrest of the Gang of Four  Mao’s reputation begins to tarnish Criticisms of Mao’s policies allowed Little Red Book – no longer mass produced and disappears as an important symbol of the Comm Party Cultural Revolution is renamed “Ten Years of Great Catastrophe” Mao’s portraits & sayings in public places significantly reduced

6. 4 Modernizations #1 Agriculture- Eliminated communes and leased land to individual farmers Increased incentives to improve output Quota given to govt in return for lease Surplus crops  sold to the state or privately

7. 4 Modernizations #2 Industry-trend towards capitalism Allowed private businesses, repaired farming tools, good competed with state-controlled factories, food transportation Power handed over to state-controlled factories, wages now linked to production “New Open Door Policy”  Attempted to attract foreign investment, Special Economic Zones- encourages foreign firms to build high tech manufacturing plants

8. 4 Modernizations #3 Science & Technology - development & advancement in these fields were considered a priority Welcomed Western ideas Foreign-trained specialists were the targets of the Cultural Revolution  under Deng he promoted them to university teaching posts

9. 4 Modernizations #4 Defense- Military played a key role in the Cultural Revolution & therefore criticized Deng’s reforms Deng reduced size of military & provided education & training Started to sell advanced weapons to Iran & Saudi Arabia

10. Tiananmen Square 4 Modernizations inspired demand for greater democracy April 17 th, 1989-Students began demonstrations in T Square to pay respect to Hu Yaobang (very progressive member of Comm Party) Students called for democratic political reforms-many were influenced when they studied abroad #’s grew to the millions as students began hunger strikes Elected “Goddess of Democracy” – statue made of plaster

11. Tiananmen Square Government humiliated Western reports interviewed student leaders Deng ordered martial law against protestors on June 3 rd Tanks & Red Army crushed unarmed demonstrators 100’s killed & more injured Bodies were burned on the spot to hide death toll

12. Tiananmen Square China’s harsh crackdown Mass arrests occurred after protest Hundreds were publicly executed Thousands of political prisoners were sent to labor camps Foreign countries criticized China for limiting personal freedoms Satellites were disconnected to prevent receiving foreign news Foreign govts cut back Chinese loans Tourism & foreign investment dropped