1. The Progressive Era Section 2: Women in Public Life Many of the social and economic changes giving rise to progressivism lead women into public life as reformers and workers. Objectives: 1. Describe the growing presence of women in the workplace at the turn of the 20 th century. 2. Identify leaders of the women suffrage movement. 3. Explain how women suffrage was achieved. 4. List the steps leading to women’s suffrage. (Section 5) 5. Explain the 3 Part Strategy employed by the movement.

2. Women in the Work Force Prior to Civil War married women were expected to spend all of their time taking care of the home and family. By late 1800’s only middle and upper class women could afford to do this. Poor women needed to help supplement the family income. Farm Women –Work in the house and on the farm. Women in Industry –One in five American women worked –25% of them in manufacturing –½ of manufacturing jobs in textile industry –Lowest paying and make about ½ as much as men in same job –Low skilled, young, white, immigrants White Collar Workers – store clerks, stenographers, typists, bookkeepers, teachers, telephone operators, etc. Domestic Workers –1870 around 70% of American working women were servants. –African American and Immigrant women worked as maids, laundresses, cooks, etc.

3. Women Lead Reform Women in Higher Education –More women in the upper and middle class began to attend college. –New women’s colleges developed to keep up with growing demand. Vassar (1865) – Maria Mitchell –women professor of science Smith and Wellesley Colleges (1875) Barnard (Columbia) (1889) Radcliffe (Harvard) (1894) –Effect Alternative to marriage Almost ½ of college educated women never married Applied skills to needed social reform efforts Women and Reform –Social Housekeeping –National Association of Colored Women (NACW) –National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

4. Suffragist Movement The Fight for the Vote Suffrage – right to vote. Seneca Falls Convention 1848 Susan B. Anthony – Leader in the woman suffrage movement and Pres. of NAWSA Elizabeth Cady Stanton- Leader Carrie Chapman Catt- President of NAWSA

5. 3 Part Strategy Tried to convince state legislatures to grant women the right to vote Pursued court cases to test the 14 th Amendment Pushed for a national amendment. What was the outcome of each strategy? What level of success did they reach?

6. Women’s Suffrage Site Click link below to explore site http://www.nwhm.org/online- exhibits/votesforwomen/intro.htmlhttp://www.nwhm.org/online- exhibits/votesforwomen/intro.html

7. Alice Paul Took strong methods to achieve suffrage. 1. Picketed at the White House 2. Have you ever seen a picket? Where? When? 3. Was arrested, went on a hunger strike in jail. Prison officials force-fed the women in jail. http://www.nwhm.org/exhibits/tour_02-02bc.html Alice Paul, leader of the militant National Woman's Party, toasts the Party's banner (with grape juice!) after the passage of the suffrage amendment. http://www.alicepaul.org/alicepaul.htm

8. Votes For Women http://www.nwhm.org/exhibits/tour_02-02f.html http://www.nwhm.org/exhibits/tour_02-02bc.html http://pbskids.org/wayback/civilrights/index.html

9. Inez Milholland Boissevain Idealized poster of Inez Milholland Boissevain produced and circulated by the National Woman's Party after her death. The poster uses the familiar colors purple, white, and gold, and the motto "Forward Into Light." http://www.nwhm.org/exhibits/tour_02-02s.html

10. "Jailed for Freedom" American "Jailed for Freedom" pin with heart-shaped lock, awarded by the National Woman's Party to all women jailed for picketing the White House for the right to vote. http://www.nwhm.org/exhibits/tour_02-02t.html

11. Ratification of 19 th Amendment Alice Paul unfurling the ratification banner over the railing of the National Woman's Party headquarters on August 26, 1920 -- the day the 19th Amendment was ratified. The banner was one of the most important to the NWP. For every state that ratified suffrage, the members sewed on a star. When Tennessee ratified the amendment, the final star was sewn on. [Courtesy of the National Woman's Party] http://www.lkwdpl.org/wihohio/paul-ali.htm

12. Women Suffrage