1. BELLWORK 1.What is McCarthyism? 2.Who were the Kuomintang? 3.Who was Mao Zedong? 4.How was Korea divided? 5.Which countries supported the different sides of Korea? 6.How was the UN involved in Korea? 7.THINKER: How could Cuba falling to communism endanger the US?

2. Kennedy & Johnson Years The 1960’s turned out to be one of the most culturally and socially chaotic eras in American history.The 1960’s turned out to be one of the most culturally and socially chaotic eras in American history. During the tumultuous decade, there were two American Presidents:During the tumultuous decade, there were two American Presidents: John F. Kennedy (1961-1963)John F. Kennedy (1961-1963) Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-1969)Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-1969) We will begin our examination of the 1960’s by looking at these two presidents and their time in office.We will begin our examination of the 1960’s by looking at these two presidents and their time in office.

3. Election of 1960 Many people questioned Kennedy’s experience- youngest president at age 43.Many people questioned Kennedy’s experience- youngest president at age 43. First televised presidential debate- 70 million viewers thought that Kennedy won. Radio listeners Nixon won.First televised presidential debate- 70 million viewers thought that Kennedy won. Radio listeners Nixon won. Kennedy won by the slimmest of margins- won by 119,000 out of 69 million.Kennedy won by the slimmest of margins- won by 119,000 out of 69 million. First Catholic PresidentFirst Catholic President Entered presidency without a strong “mandate”- endorsement for his proposals. Made it difficult to pass any ideas.Entered presidency without a strong “mandate”- endorsement for his proposals. Made it difficult to pass any ideas.

7. Kennedy’s Domestic Programs NEW FRONTIER- improve economy, aid the poor and speed up the space program. May 5 th 1961- Allan Sheppard, first man to fly into space –Caused an increase in spending for defense & math/science education 1961- Housing Act- Increased the federal minimum wage. Created the Peace Corps 1962- Steel prices increased- made stock market fall. JFK proposed tax break to help economy.

11. Johnson’s Presidency After Kennedy’s assassination on November 22, 1963, Lyndon B. Johnson becomes the new president. Begins to focus on domestic issues

12. The Great Society Great Society- series of programs and policies aimed at helping poverty, education, health care & conservation. Economic Opportunity Act- Head Start & Vista - preschool programs to help low income families. Provides health care. Civil Rights Act of 1964 & Voting Rights Act of 1965 Increased the minimum wage & government spending on education, federally funded health care, outlawed the immigration quota system Johnson won the 1964 election by defeating Barry Goldwater

13. Federal spending on Education

15. Warren Court & Effects of Great Society Warren Court: Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren. Court ruled religious prayer in school was unconstitutional, separation of church and state, and Miranda rule (your rights). Criticisms of Great Society: too many tax cuts, only helping the poor, too much spending on Vietnam, and too much power for government.

17. 1960’s Foreign Policy – Bay of Pigs Once Fidel Castro became Cuba’s dictator, he seized property owned by foreign corporations, including U.S. businesses. The U.S. refused to accept him as the leader of Cuba so Castro developed close ties with the Soviet Union. Kennedy agreed to a CIA plan that involved training a group of Cubans to invade Cuba and overthrow Castro. The CIA trained these Cubans in Guatemala.

19. Bay of Pigs The Bay of Pigs invasion took place on April 17, 1961. An airstrike failed to destroy Cuba’s air force and Cuban troops proved to be a strong match against the 1,500 U.S. invaders. The invasion was a total disaster and eventually Kennedy accepted defeat.

21. 1960’s Foreign Policy – The Cuban Missile Crisis The Cuban Missile Crisis: standoff between the U.S. and the Soviet Union that brought the superpowers to the verge of nuclear war. In October of 1962, an American spy plane revealed that Soviets were building missile bases on Cuban soil. Kennedy felt these missiles presented a direct challenge to U.S. security.

23. The Cuban Missile Crisis Eight days later, President Kennedy put the U.S. forces on alert. He ordered a naval “quarantine,” which called for ships to surround Cuba and stop any Soviet ships that approached the island. Khrushchev called Soviet ships back and avoided disaster.

24. The Cuban Missile Crisis Look at the map on page 592 and be ready to answer the following questions: Where were the majority of Soviet missile bases located? Why is this problematic? Why would the Soviets want a military presence in Cuba? How could the crisis have escalated to a nuclear war? Why do you think this was such a hard decision for President Kennedy to make?

26. The Cuban Missile Crisis The crisis ended when Khrushchev promised to remove the missiles from Cuba if the U.S. would end quarantine and stay out of Cuba. Also, he demanded that the U.S. remove its missiles from Turkey. The Cuban Missile Crisis led to a number of efforts to reduce the risk of nuclear war. Limited Test Ban Treaty: banned nuclear testing above ground to eliminate radioactive poisoning.

28. Closure Turn to your neighbor and explain to them: What did the presidencies of Johnson and Kennedy have in common? How were they different? What was the goal of the Bay of Pigs? What was the outcome of this invasion? What was the Cuban Missile Crisis? How did the U.S. respond? What it successful? THINKER: Based on 1960 U.S. foreign policy and your knowledge of the Cold War, what can you infer about the Soviet Union’s foreign policy goals?