1. OASD (RA) 1 Transforming the National Guard and Reserve From a Strategic to an Operational Reserve Dr. John D. Winkler Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs (Acting)

2. OASD (RA) 2 Agenda Purpose of the Reserve Components Key Features of the Reserve Components Reserve Force Organization Reserve Force Contributions What Does the Future Hold

3. OASD (RA) 3 Purpose of the Reserve Components Section 10102 of title 10, United States Code “The purpose of each Reserve component is to provide trained units and qualified persons available for active duty in the armed forces, in times of war or national emergency, and at such other times as the national security may require, to fill the needs of the armed forces whenever more units and persons are needed than are in the regular components.”

4. OASD (RA) 4 Key Features of Reserve Components Follows citizen-soldier tradition Regionally based and recruited Organized militia, acknowledged in U.S. Constitution  National Guard - controlled by State governors in peacetime; Federal assets during national emergencies  Federal reserves augment Active forces All Volunteer Force, composed of prior-service and non-prior service personnel Part-time participation: 39 days per year minimum “Total” Force policy- Reserve component missions and structure complement active duty forces “Abrams Doctrine”- Ensures national will through mobilization of Reserve components in conflicts

5. OASD (RA) 5 7 Reserve Components MARINE AIRCOAST ARMY NAVY CORPS FORCEGUARD ARMY NAVY MARINE AIR COAST RESERVE RESERVE CORPS FORCE GUARD RESERVE RESERVE RESERVE ARMY AIR NATIONAL NATIONAL GUARD GUARD Section 10101 of title 10, United States Code

6. OASD (RA) 6 Cold War to Present Army Guard 475K to 350K 10 Divisions, 24 Separate Brigades; Combat Support (CS); Combat Service Support (CSS) 36 Combat Brigades, & CS/CSS Army Reserve 319K to 205K Combat, CS, and CSS Mainly CSS, some CS, CA & PSYOPS Naval Reserve 152K to 71.3K Combat, CS, & CSS in ships/ squadrons/units, plus active unit augmentation Emphasis on unit CS and CSS, less augmentation to combat units USMCR 43.6K to 39.6K Augmentation & reinforcement Same Air Guard 116K to 107K 12.5 Fighter Wing Equivalent (FWE); Tactical Lift Fighters, Tankers, airlift, CSAR, J-STARS, Air Defense Strategic (STRAT) Lift, & Tankers CSS STRAT and theater Lift, Tankers, CSAR &CSS Coast Guard Reserve 12K to 10K Air Reserve 83K to 74.9K Port Security units, Marine safety units, Ops Shore Facilities, Vessel & air station augmentation Individual augmentation to Active Coast Guard Units, Port Security Units Reserve Force Structure

7. OASD (RA) 7 Reserve Service Active (Selected Reserve only) Army 48% 52% Navy 83% 17% Marine 82% 18% Air Force 65% 35% Coast Guard 81% 19% All Services 62% 38% Percentages of Active and Selected Reserve Manpower Based on FY 2007 Authorized Strengths

8. OASD (RA) 8 Ready Reserve 1,087,276 Selected Reserve 835,954 Unit and Active Guard/Reserve (AGR) 809,722 Reserve Unit Members (Paid Drill Strength Only) 738,907 AGR 70,815 Individual Mobilization Augmentees 26,232 Individual Ready Reserve / Inactive National Guard 251,322 U.S. Reserve Manpower Organization & Size As of: July 31, 2007

9. OASD (RA) 9 Selective Mobilization RC Volunteers Presidential Reserve Call-up (PRC) Partial Mobilization Full Mobilization Total Mobilization Legislation Authorizing Further Force Expansion Legislation Authorizing Further Force Expansion Congressional Declaration of National Emergency Congressional Declaration of National Emergency Presidential or Congressional Declaration of National Emergency Presidential or Congressional Declaration of National Emergency Global Multiple Regional Contingencies Regional Contingency UN Peacekeeping Humanitarian Assistance Anti-Drug All Hazards The Strategic Reserve Model

10. OASD (RA) 10 Recent Use of Reserves

11. OASD (RA) 11 Reserve Force Mobilization Levels (Operations Noble Eagle, Enduring Freedom, Iraqi Freedom)

12. OASD (RA) 12 Reserve Force Mobilization Statistics Current Selected Reserve Members Ever Mobilized for ONE/OEF/OIF Not Mobilized – 53.0% Mobilized – 47.0% Members Mobilized Once for ONE/OEF/OIF Members Not Mobilized for ONE/OEF/OIF Members Who Served More than Once in ONE/OEF/OIF Selected Reserve Force (835,954) (As of: July 31, 2007) Data as of: July 31, 2007 Data does not include IRR members Total RC members called up since 9/11/01: 604,781 (589,113 SelRes; 15,668 IRR)

13. OASD (RA) 13 Occupational Category Higher Use Specialties within the Occupational Category Stress High Low Note: Each Occupational Category has low-use specialties as well. Logistics/ServiceLaw Enforcement, Transportation, Materiel Combat ArmsSpecial Forces, Installation Security, Aircraft Crews IntelligenceGeneral Intelligence, Electronic Countermeasures, Counter Intelligence Civil Engineering/UtilitiesConstruction Related, Utilities MaintenanceAmmo Repair, Aircraft Related, Construction Equip Electronic Repair Electronic Instruments, Communications-Radio, Communications-Navigation Technical & MiscCivil Affairs, NBC Specialists, Memorial Activities Admin/Functional SupportClerical, Info & Education Health CareMedical Support, Physicians, Veterinary Services Usage by Skill Reveals Force Imbalances

14. OASD (RA) 14 Rebalancing is Needed The Department’s rebalancing actions have resulted in about 70,000 changes in positions within and between the Active and Reserve components over the past several years. The Department plans to rebalance an additional 55,000 positions by 2015. … be very careful about short call up periods for the reserve … give them as much certainty as possible … … use volunteers to the greatest extent possible … … rebalance the guard and the Reserve with the Active force.

15. OASD (RA) 15 Rebalancing Objectives Resolve stressed career fields.  Structure forces to limit involuntary mobilization to reasonable and sustainable rates. Enhance early responsiveness.  Structure forces to reduce the need for involuntary mobilization during early stages of a rapid response operation. Employ innovative personnel management practices.  Provide range of participation opportunities.  Provide predictable periods of service.  Enhance volunteerism.

16. OASD (RA) 16 What Does the Future Hold? The strategic environment will be different The United States will be engaged in a long war. –The United States will face large and small contingencies at unpredictable intervals. –Operational tempo is expected to continue at a rate higher than pre-2001 levels. –Joint force commanders will need more immediate access to the Total Force. –Select reservists and units should be more accessible and deployable than they are today.

17. OASD (RA) 17 The New “Operational Reserve” “To fight the long war and conduct other future contingency operations, joint force commanders need to have more immediate access to the Total Force. In particular, the Reserve Component must be operationalized, so that select Reservists and units are more accessible and more readily deployable than today. During the Cold War, the Reserve component was used, appropriately, as a ‘strategic reserve,’ to provide support to Active Component forces during major combat operations. In today’s global context, this concept is less relevant.” Key attributes: Rebalanced to ensure an adequate rotational base for needed capabilities and to limit involuntary mobilization to predictable and sustainable rates (e.g., one year in every six) Organized, equipped, and trained to support operational missions in periodic cycles Managed to provide a range of participation opportunities and enhance volunteerism

18. OASD (RA) 18 Definition of an “Operational Reserve” What is the New Guard and Reserve? Today’s new Guard and Reserve have both a strategic and operational role How will the New Guard and Reserve Support Operational Missions? The new guard and reserve will be organized, equipped and trained to support operational military mission requirements to the same standard as the Regular component. Individuals and units will be tasked to prepare for and participate in missions, across the full spectrum of operations, in a cyclic or periodic manner that provides predictability for service members and their families and employers. - OSD/RA White Paper

19. OASD (RA) 19 New Availability and Service Paradigm

20. OASD (RA) 20 Support the transition to an “operational reserve” Enhance RC Capabilities Improve AC/RC Integration Strengthen RC Readiness Through Training Transformation Implement Train – Mobilize – Deploy Construct Man an Operational Reserve Implement a “Continuum of Service” Strengthen Employer Support Strengthen Family Readiness Promote Basing Solutions Equipping Solutions for an Operational Reserve Establish RC Roles in Homeland Defense and Civil Support Resource an Operational Reserve Strategic Initiatives Through 2008 in support of an “Operational Reserve”

21. OASD (RA) 21 Back Up Charts

22. OASD (RA) 22 DoD End Strengths (FY73 – FY06) FY 1973 – FY 2006 AC: - 38.5% RC: - 10.1% Reductions from Peaks AC: - 38.5% (FY 1973 – FY 2006) RC: - 29.4% (FY 1989 – FY 2006)

23. OASD (RA) 23 * Includes RC volunteers. Reserve Component Support in Recent Contingency Operations RED indicates “Partial Mobilization” Military OperationLocation# RC Members* Noble Eagle/Enduring/Iraqi Freedom CONUS/O’CONUS 605,000 Allied ForceKosovo 21,000+ Desert ThunderIraq 40,000+ Joint Endeavor/ Guard/ForgeBosnia 61,000+ Support/Uphold DemocracyHaiti 8,338 Restore HopeSomalia 343 Desert Shield/StormKuwait/Iraq 267,330

24. OASD (RA) 24 Continuum of Service: Major Initiative Areas Establish new affiliation programs 4 Simplify Manpower Management Rules 1 Modernize Compensation and Benefits to Support an Operational Reserve 3 OBJECTIVE: To provide Human Resource policies, programs, and legislation that ensure a more seamless and cost-effective management of Active and Reserve personnel Streamline Personnel Rules 2