2. Let's talk about minerals and rocks! Topic 10 and 11! Isabel Fernández Pérez 1º B

3. What is a mineral, and a rock? Minerals are naturally occurring, inorganic, solid substances. They have a definite chemical composition and specific physical properties. Rocks are any natural, inorganic material made up of minerals.

4. What are minerals composed of? Minerals are composed of one or more chemical elements. A chemical substance is made up of only one kind of atom. An atom is the smallest particle of matter.

5. How are minerals extracted ? Minerals are found everywhere in the Earth's crust. Some minerals are dispersed in rocks. Other minerals occur mineral beds in high concentration. They are extracted in: -Surface mines. -Underground.

6. silicates MINERALS! Oxygen and silicon combined together produce silicates. Silicates are the most abundant silicates on Earth. These common silicates make up many rocks: - Quartz, Feldspar, Olivine and Mica which can be 2 types: Muscovite and biotite.

7. What are the properties of minerals? These are the properties of the minerals: -Colour. -Shape. -Luster: can be metallic or non metallic: waxy, dull or glassy. -Streak. -Cleavage. -Hardness.

8. What is Mohs Scale of hardness? In 1812, Frederick Moh devised the Mohs Scale of Hardness. He selected ten minerals and he numbered them from 1 to 10. The Mohs scale is used to measure the hardness of the minerals. The highest number is the hardest mineral and the lowest number is the softest.

9. Talc-Talco 1 Gypsum-Yeso 2 Calcite-calcita 3

10. Fluorite- fluorita 4Apatite- apatita 5 Orthoclase- Ortoclasa 6

11. Quartz- Cuarzo 7 Topaz- Topacio 8 Corundum- Corindón 9

12. Diamond- Diamante 10

13. How are rocks used? In the past the stones were used to make roads, sculptures, buildings…etc. Nowadays the modern constructions are not made of stones, they usually contain some form of rock. Today we use rocks for: Construction materials, cement, plaster, ceramic materials, decoration, containers, fuels and chemical industries.

14. What are rocks? The solid part of the Earth is made up of rocks. Rocks are any natural, inorganic material made up of minerals. Some rocks are made of a single substance. They are called monomineralic rocks. Others can be found in liquid form. Rocks are classified in: Igneous rocks. Sedimentary rocks. Metamorphic rocks.

15. What are sedimentary rocks? The sedimentary rocks are classified into: Detrital rocks: are made up of fragments of other rocks that are stuck together. Chemical sedimentary rocks: are made up of mineral crystals of oceans, lakes and groundwater that have dissolved in water. Organic sedimentary rocks: are made up of plant and animal remains which have been transformed into minerals.

16. Rocky and the journey around the rock cycle! Hi, my name is Rocky I am your guide on the journey around the rock cycle. The rock cycle is a continuous process that occurs over millions of years. It makes new rock, destroys old rock, and recycles the ingredients of the Earth's crust over and over again! Hi, I'm Rocky!

17. Rocky and the journey around the rock cycle! Look at all of my processes !

18. The end!