2. Continental Drift Mobile Continents

3. Alfred Wegener: Continental Drift in 1915 German geophysicist and meteorologist. He suggested that a single super-continent Pangaea began to fragment in the Mezoic era, about 200mya. 1 st to publish, but not to mention Continental Drift

4. Earth ~200 million years ago

5. The continents appear to fit together as if they were different pieces of the same puzzle. 1 Jigsaw Puzzle

6. 2 Glacial Evidence Glacial deposits found in tropical regions near the equator should not be there.

7. Glacial Evidence Large tropical swamps in the Northern Hemisphere at the same time

8. 3 Rock Evidence Mountains and crust of comparable age and structure are found in North America, Greenland, The British Isles, across the ocean in Africa and in Northern Europe.

10. 4 Fossil Evidence

12. Fossil Evidence Glossopteris, a fossil fern from a plant with large seeds not easily distributed was found dispersed in Africa, Australia, India and South America during the Paleozoic era. Also found in Antarctica as well. These plants do not grow in Polar Climates!

13. Mesosaurus

14. 5 Desert Evidence

16. 6 Paleomagnetic Evidence Highly complex Some sea floor rocks behave like compasses Magnetic Rocks indicate latitude. Put Continental Drift on the scientific map.

17. Alternatives Growing Earth Island Stepping Stones Land Bridges

18. Scientific Controversy: Wegener’s idea of mobile continents was met with harsh criticism and it took until the late 60s for continental drift to be generally accepted by the scientific community. Chief complaint vs. Wegener was a lack of an agent for motion. How did the plates move? Wegener provided two incorrect possibilities: 1) Tidal Forces of the Sun moon (which cause the tides) could account for continental movement. Harrold Jeffreys showed that tidal forces of this magnitude would halt the rotation of the earth in a few years. 2) Continental crust cut through softer oceanic crust as ice breakers cut through ice but there was no evidence to suggest the oceanic crust was soft enough to allow this without significant continental deformation.