2. The Movement is Always Tougher in Russia Ethan Sit and Quynh Vu

3. Before We Start…. Movement in Russia gets people in Russia from place to place. It influences trade, which brings needed goods to the Russian people. However, certain problems like its size, climate, and physical features have an impact on its movement, and therefore its economy. This presentation covers the problems with Russian transport and how the Russian people solved these problems.

4. Table of Contents I- Waterways In Russia II- Seaports In Russia III- Railways In Russia IV-Roadways in Russia V- Did You Know? VI- Bibliography

5. Waterways In Russia Waterways in Russia allow boats to travel to different places in Russia. For example, there are rivers like the Volga River, Ob River, and the Lena River. Seas and oceans that border Russia include the Baltic Sea, Sea of Okhotsk, Bering Sea, and the Arctic Ocean. Russia has the second largest waterway system in the world, with 102,000 km or waterways.

6. Seaports In Russia There are seven major seaports in Russia. -Kaliningrad-St. Petersburg Okhotsk-Murmansk-Vladivostok Astrakhan-Petropavlovsk Kamchatsky A problem with these ports is that they are spaced far apart from each other. Ships have to travel another 200 miles to get the most inland part of Russia, where Kaliningrad is located. Then, shippers have the choice to travel another 500 miles to the port of St. Petersburg. This consumes lots of time, fuel, and therefore money. However, taxes have been cut for foreign goods coming into Kaliningrad, saving money, and possibly increasing trade.

7. Seaports In Russia (continued) Another problem happening in these ports is that ports have ice or frost at some point of the year. In fact, there is permafrost, soil that stays below freezing point, or zero degrees Celsius, fro two or more years. Permafrost delays mining, an important part of Russia’s economy. Ice in the seaports prevent the movement of boats, so a special purpose boat or ship called a icebreaker is used to separate the ice.

8. Railways in Russia Railways in Russia account for 2.5 % percent of Russia’s GDP, or Gross Domestic Product. Российские железные дороги, or Russian Railways is mostly state- run. Russian Railways is one of the biggest railway companies in the world, with 0.95 million employees, a monopoly within it. In fact, the total length of the line is 85,000 kilometers (53,130 miles), only surpassed by the United States railway system.

9. Railways in Russia (continued). In 2007, 1.3 billion passengers and 1.3 billion tons of freight went via Russian Railways. In 2007 the company owned 19,700 goods and passenger locomotives, 24,200 passenger cars (carriages) (2007) and 526,900 freight cars (goods wagons) (2007). A further 270,000 freight cars in Russia are privately owned. Some important railroads include the Trans- Siberian Railroad, the Kaliningrad Railway, and The Northern Railway. There are industrial railways aside from the common carrier railways (railways that passenger trains follow). Industrial railways are about half the length of common carrier railroads as of 2008.

10. Roadways in Russia Roadways allow cars to travel from place to place. Russia has the eighth longest roadway system in the world, with a total of 940,000 kilometers of roadways. There are 754,000 km of paved roads, and 186,000 km of unpaved roads. In the winter, black ice can form on the roads, causing cars to lose control and crash, so cars are built to withstand winter weather.

11. Did you know? Russia has the fifth most airports in the world, with 1,213 airports in total. There are also 50 heliports. There are 593 airports with paved runways, and 620 with unpaved runways. There are pipelines in Russia that transport things like fuel.

12. Bibliography Boehm, Richard G., Armstrong, David G., Hunkins, Francais P., et all. Geography:The World and Its People. Columbus, Ohio: Glencoe, McGraw Hill, 2002. Wikipedia; List of Railway Lines in Russia. 23 October 2010. 15 November 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railways_in_russia Wikipedia: Russian Railways. 5 December 2010. 15 December 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/Russian_Railways http://en.wikipedia.org/Russian_Railways Wikipedia: Rail Transport in Russia. 16 December 2010. 20 December 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Russia CIA: The World Factbook. 13 December 2010. 20 December 2010. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rs.html https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rs.html

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