1. Science Notebook All those details you need to know in order to do science.

2. Graduated Cylinder We use a graduated cylinder to measure volume. The units used to measure volume are liter (l) or milliliter (ml) or cubic centimeter (cm 3 ).

3. Graduated Cylinder We read the markings on the cylinder to find the measurement. We can read a sure mark and estimate one place beyond that.

4. Graduated Cylinder This picture shows the meniscus between 52 ml and 53 ml. We can estimate it at 52.8 ml but we can not estimate it at 52.75 ml.

5. Graduated Cylinder When we measure, we want to view the meniscus with eye level equal to the water level.

6. Meniscus The meniscus is the curved surface of the liquid.

7. Meniscus The meniscus can be curved down (concave) because water is attracted to the sides of the cylinder (glass).

8. Meniscus The meniscus can be curved up (convex) because the liquid (ie.mercury) is repelled by the cylinder.

9. Meniscus We read from the bottom of a concave meniscus (A). We read from the top of a convex meniscus (B).