2. The Self-Managing Database: Automatic SGA Memory Management Tirthankar Lahiri Senior Manager, Distributed Cache & Memory Management Oracle Corporation Session id: 40091

3. Outline  Overview of Oracle Shared Memory (SGA)  Introducing Automatic SGA Management  Benefits  Using the feature  How Does it Work?  Summary

4. SGA Overview  SGA: Oracle’s “Shared Global Area”  Comprises multiple memory components Java Pool Database Buffer Cache Redo Log Buffer Shared Pool Large Pool SGA Fixed SGA

5. SGA Overview  In past releases: Separate parameters for SGA components DB_CACHE_SIZE SHARED_POOL_SIZE LARGE_POOL_SIZE JAVA_POOL_SIZE

6. SGA Overview  Difficult to optimally set parameters  Undersized component: – Poor performance (excess IO, parses) – Out-of-memory errors (ORA-4031)  Oversized component: – Wastes memory – Configuring for the worst-case

7. SGA Overview  Oracle9i introduced SGA memory advisories: – Buffer Cache Advice (v$db_cache_advice) – Shared Pool Advice (v$shared_pool_advice)  Predicts performance for different sizes Physical IOs Buffer cache size Buffer Cache Advice

8. SGA Overview  Advisories allow better sizing for components – Available out-of-the-box – Reduces trial and error – Recommendations based on actual workload – With Dynamic SGA:  Recommendations can be implemented online  Task of adjusting sizes still left to the DBA

9. Introducing Automatic SGA Memory Management  The Oracle Database 10g – Single parameter for total SGA size – Automatically sizes SGA components – Memory is transferred to where most needed – Uses workload information – Uses internal advisory predictions

10. Introducing Automatic SGA Memory Management  Single parameter for SGA size DB_CACHE_SIZE SHARED_POOL_SIZE LARGE_POOL_SIZE JAVA_POOL_SIZE Enable Automatic Shared Memory Management SGA_TARGET

11. Introducing Automatic SGA Memory Management  Set SGA_TARGET to the total SGA size SGA_TARGET = 8G Java Pool Database Buffer Cache Redo Log Buffer Shared Pool Large Pool SGA Fixed SGA

12. Introducing Automatic SGA Memory Management  Four most commonly configured components are automatically sized: – Shared Pool – Large Pool – Java Pool – Buffer Cache (DEFAULT buffer pool)  STATISTICS_LEVEL must be set to TYPICAL

13.  Automatically adapts to workload changes  Maximizes memory utilization  Single Parameter makes it easier to use  Helps eliminate out of memory errors  Can help improve performance Online Users Large Batch Jobs Java Pool Shared Pool Large Pool Buffer Cache Shared Pool Large Pool Buffer Cache Java Pool Benefits of Automatic SGA Management

14. Using Automatic SGA Management: SGA_TARGET Parameter  Includes everything in the SGA: – Fixed SGA and other internal allocations – Automatically sized SGA components  Default buffer cache  Shared pool  Large pool  Java pool – Manual SGA components  Log buffer  Other caches (KEEP/RECYCLE, other blocksizes)  Streams pool (new in 10g)

15.  When SGA_TARGET is not set (or zero): – Auto-tuned parameters behave as in Oracle9i – Exception: SHARED_POOL_SIZE:  In Oracle10g internal startup overhead is included  May need to increase value from Oracle9i  Query to determine actual shared pool size in 9i  Shared Pool Size automatically adjusted during upgrade SELECT SUM(bytes) FROM v$sgastat WHERE pool = 'shared pool'; Using Automatic SGA Management: Automatically Tuned Parameters

16.  When SGA_TARGET is set : – Default values of auto-tuned parameters is zero – A non-zero value is a lower bound on the size of the component – Actual component size may be higher Using Automatic SGA Management: Automatically Tuned Parameters Java Pool (1G) Large Pool (1G) Buffer Cache (3G) Sga size = 8G Parameters: SGA_TARGET = 8G LARGE_POOL_SIZE = 1G SHARED_POOL_SIZE = 1G Shared Pool (3G) (Min size = 1G)

17. Using Automatic SGA Management: Determining the current component sizes

18.  Some components not yet auto-tuned – Other buffer caches (Keep/Recycle) – Multiple blocksize caches – Streams Pool  Their parameters are user-specified  Precisely control the sizes of their components Using Automatic SGA Management: Manually Tuned Parameters

19. Using Automatic SGA Management: Manually Tuned Parameters  When SGA_TARGET is set: – Total size of manual parameters is subtracted – Balance is given to the auto-tuned components Keep Cache (1G) Parameters: SGA_TARGET = 8G DB_KEEP_CACHE_SIZE = 1G Auto Tuned Components (7G) Shared Pool Large Pool Default Cache Java Pool

20.  Initialization parameter values: Querying V$PARAMETER SGA_TARGET = 8G DB_CACHE_SIZE = 0 JAVA_POOL_SIZE = 0 LARGE_POOL_SIZE = 0 SHARED_POOL_SIZE = 0 SELECT name, value, isdefault FROM v$parameter WHERE name like '%size'; Using Automatic SGA Management Using v$parameter

21. Enabling Automatic SGA Management

22. Using Automatic SGA Management : Resizing SGA_TARGET  SGA_TARGET is dynamic  Can be increased till SGA_MAX_SIZE  Can be reduced till some component reaches minimum size  Change in value of SGA_TARGET affects only automatically sized components

23. Using Automatic SGA Management : Resizing SGA_TARGET SGA_MAX_SIZE=10G SGA_TARGET=9G Database Buffer Cache Database Buffer Cache Redo Log Buffer Large Pool SGA_TARGET = 8G Fixed SGA Shared Pool Java Pool

24.  SGA_TARGET = 0 disables auto-tuning – Auto parameters set to current component sizes – SGA size as a whole is unaffected Parameters: sga_target = 8G shared_pool_size=1G Parameters: sga_target = 0 db_cache_size = 4G shared_pool_size = 2G large_pool_size = 512M java_pool_size = 512M sga size = 8G SGA_TARGET=0 Disabling Automatic SGA Management

25. SGA_TARGET = 8G Java Pool Database Buffer Cache Redo Log Buffer Large Pool SGA Fixed SGA Shared Pool actual size = 2G SHARED_POOL_SIZE=1G Using Automatic SGA Management Resizing Auto Tuned Parameters Results in component resize only if new value > current size Otherwise silently changes the minimum size

26.  Manual parameter resize affects the tunable portion of the SGA Using Automatic SGA Management Resizing Manually Set Parameters Parameters: SGA_TARGET = 8G DB_KEEP_CACHE_SIZE = 1G Keep Cache (1G) Auto Tuned Components (7G) Shared Pool Large Pool Default Cache Java Pool Parameters: SGA_TARGET = 8G DB_KEEP_CACHE_SIZE = 2G Keep Cache (2G) Auto Tuned Components (6G)

27. How Does It Work? SGA Background Process Background SGA Memory Broker Tracks component size and pending resize Coordinates sizing of SGA components

28.  Based on workload information  Captures statistics periodically in background  Uses the different memory advisories  Memory is moved to where most needed  No need to configure parameters for the worst-case How Does It Work? Basic SGA Tuning Principles

29. How Does It Work? Persistence of auto-tuned values  If server parameter file (spfile) is used: – Component sizes saved across shutdowns – Saved values used to bootstrap component sizes – Avoids having to relearn optimal values  For this reason use of spfile is recommended with Automatic SGA Management

30. Conclusions  Relieves the administrator from manually configuring the SGA  Internal algorithm adjusts based on workload  No need to configure for the worst-case  Simple usage model

31. Next Steps….  Recommended sessions – The Self-Managing Database : Proactive Space and Schema Object Management (Thurs, Sept 11, 8 AM) – The Self-Managing Database : Automatic Health Monitoring (Thurs, Sept. 11, 11 AM) – The Invisible Oracle : Deploying Oracle Database in Embedded Environment (Wed, Sept. 10, 4:30 PM)  Recommended demos and/or hands-on labs – Oracle Database 10g : Manage the Oracle Environment Hands- On Lab – Campground Demo : “The Self-Managing Database: Memory Management”  Relevant web sites to visit for more information – http://otn.oracle.com/products/manageability/database/content.ht ml

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33. A Q & Q U E S T I O N S A N S W E R S