1. Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: 1) How did the airplane influence the way the war was fought? 2) How were airships (dirigibles and zeppelins) used during the war? 3) How did airships use influence aircraft development?

2. Questions / Comments

3. Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: 1) How did the airplane influence the way the war was fought? 2) How were airships (dirigibles and zeppelins) used during the war? 3) How did airships use influence aircraft development?

4.  First Long Range Strategic Bombing raid ◦ Three (3) British Avro 504s bombed a Zeppelin storage shed in southern Germany ◦ Little damage but caused Germans to form their first bombing squadron  1915 – Germans were raiding behind allied lines in France ◦ Later began bombing London using dirigibles and airplanes

5. Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: 1) How did the airplane influence the way the war was fought? 2) How were airships (dirigibles and zeppelins) used during the war? 3) How did airships use influence aircraft development?

6.  Beginning of World War I ◦ Germany had 20 dirigibles ◦ Produced 88 more during the war  Germany used them as strategic bombers against French and English cities

7. Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: 1) How did the airplane influence the way the war was fought? 2) How were airships (dirigibles and zeppelins) used during the war? 3) How did airships use influence aircraft development?

8.  They were accurate bombers ◦ Highly flammable ◦ Because they were vulnerable to anti- aircraft fire from ground and air ◦ Mainly flown at night  1916 – Germany created a replacement – twin-engine bomber the Gotha IV  This caused British fighters to be called back from war in France ◦ To help protect British cities from the dirigibles

9. Questions / Comments

10.  September 9  1830 — Charles Durant, America's first great balloonist, makes his first United States ascent at Castle Garden, New York.  He stays in the air for two hours, landing at South Amboy, New Jersey.  His skill and enthusiasm inspire a passion for ballooning in America. THIS DAY IN AVIATION

11.  September 9  1911 — The first mail carried by air in the United Kingdom is delivered.  The mail contains messages for King George V and other members of the British Royal family. THIS DAY IN AVIATION

12.  September 9  1967 — Sgt. Duane D. Hackney became the first living enlisted man to receive the Air Force Cross. THIS DAY IN AVIATION

13. Questions / Comments

14. SUNDAYMONDAYTUESDAYWEDNESDAYTHURSDAYFRIDAYSATURDAY 31 Chapter 2 Intro 1 Chapter 2 Curtiss 2 Chapter 2 Vin Fiz Progress Rpts Due 3 Chapter 2 Progress in Europe 4 Chapter 2 QUIZ Progress Rpts Sent Home 5 67 NO SCHOOL HOLIDAY 8 Chapter 2 WWI Preparing for War 9 Chapter 2 WWI Fighter Development 10 Chapter 2 WWI Fighter Aces Lafayette Escadrille 11 WWI TEST FltLine Friday “FlyBoys” 12 1314 Chapter 3 IThe Golden Age 15 Chapter 3 The Golden Age 16 Chapter 3 The Golden Age 17 Chapter 3 The Golden Age 18 Chapter 3 QUIZ 19 20212223 Progress Rpts Due 2425 Progress Rpts Sent Home 26 27282930 September 2015

15. Questions / Comments

16. Chapter 2 The Adolescence of Air Power 1904-1919

17.  Mission:  What type of aircraft led to gaining control of the air?  Describe the first type of bullet deflection used on propellers.  What influence did the invention of the interrupting gear have on the use of fighter aircraft?  Describe the problems associated with the wing mounted machine guns?  Describe the first all metal, low wing monoplane.  EQ: Describe significant aviation events occurring between 1904-1919 and their impact on future aviation development.

18. Dog Fights

19.  “The sky is about to become another battlefield no less important than the battlefields on land and sea....In order to conquer the air, it is necessary to deprive the enemy of all means of flying, by striking at him in the air, at his bases of operation, or at his production centers. We had better get accustomed to this idea, and prepare ourselves.” (Italian staff officer), 1909

20.  Initially, air combat was rare ◦ Reconnaissance / observation took priority ◦ Often rival aircraft waved or smiled at each other  Progressed to throwing bricks, grenades or even rope – hoping to get it tangled in the propeller  Eventually pilots began firing pistols at each other

21. First aircraft brought down by another was an Austria reconnaissance rammed on Sep 8, 1914 by a Russian pilot (both planes crashed – killing all)

22.  As more and more bombing raids took place, clear need for control of the air was needed.  Fighter or pursuit aircraft were needed to drive off bombers.

23.  1915 – French pilot – Roland Garros ◦ Mounted an automatic rifle on aircraft ◦ Fired through the propeller ◦ To keep from shooting off propeller, the rear of the propeller was armored with steel plates

24.  Angled metal guards on the propeller in line with the path of the bullets  The guard is a "V" shaped piece of steel  "U" shaped bullet "gutter" intended to direct the deflected path of the bullet striking it away from the propeller.  sending a ricocheting bullet back into the pilot.  bullet striking the plate could create fractures in the propeller causing it to fail.

25.  Germans captured Garros and his plane  Dutch – airplane designer – Anthony Fokker improved on design  Fokker designed a machine gun that fired through a spinning propeller  This gave Germans total control over the skies for over a year

26. Anatomy of the Interrupter Gear

27. Interrupting Gear

28. Fokker E.I Eindecker: 1915 The Fokker E.I was the first aircraft armed with a synchronized, forward firing machine gun. Although underpowered and slow it could out- turn most of its opponents

29.  Allies tried to mount a gun to the top of the wing but was ineffective due to increased drag

30. The Wing-Mounted Gun Solution: Fire above the path of the propeller: Fitted with either drum or clip ammunition feed systems Two issues: Unreliable and prone to jamming difficult task of reloading ammunition or clearing a round from a jammed gun while flying

31.  1916 – allies captured a German plane and were able to copy the machine gun design British Fe2b

32.  May 1918 ◦ German designer Hugo Junkers built world’s first all metal, low-wing monoplane fighter called the Junkers D1 ◦ Arrived too late to make a difference in the war but was the fighter of the future

33. Junkers D.I: 1918 The Junkers monoplane was rugged, fast, and agile. The design was a decade ahead of its time appearing a year too late

34. WWI Fighters

35. Nieuport 11: 1915 The Nieuport 11 "Bébé" (baby) was fast and extremely maneuverable. Used by the British and French to counter the Fokker E.III.

36. SPAD S VII: 1916 The French Air Service replaced the Nieuport 17 with the SPAD S.VII, it was fast, durable and difficult to shoot down.

37. Sopwith Camel: 1917 An agile, highly maneuverable biplane, the Sopwith Camel accounted for more aerial victories than any other Allied aircraft during World War I.

38. Fokker Dr.I - 1917 The Fokker DR.I triplane was small, lightweight and highly maneuverable, it offered good upward, visibility making it an outstanding plane in a dogfight

39. Fokker D.VII - 1918 The Fokker D.VII is widely regarded as the best German fighter aircraft of the Great War.

40. Questions / Comments

41.  Mission:  What type of aircraft led to gaining control of the air?  Describe the first type of bullet deflection used on propellers.  What influence did the invention of the interrupting gear have on the use of fighter aircraft?  Describe the problems associated with the wing mounted machine guns?  Describe the first all metal, low wing monoplane.  EQ: Describe significant aviation events occurring between 1904-1919 and their impact on future aviation development.

42.  As more and more bombing raids took place, clear need for control of the air was needed.  Fighter or pursuit aircraft were needed to drive off bombers.

43.  Mission:  What type of aircraft led to gaining control of the air?  Describe the first type of bullet deflection used on propellers.  What influence did the invention of the interrupting gear have on the use of fighter aircraft?  Describe the problems associated with the wing mounted machine guns?  Describe the first all metal, low wing monoplane.  EQ: Describe significant aviation events occurring between 1904-1919 and their impact on future aviation development.

44.  1915 – French pilot – Roland Garros ◦ Mounted an automatic rifle on aircraft ◦ Fired through the propeller ◦ To keep from shooting off propeller, the rear of the propeller was armored with steel plates

45.  Mission:  What type of aircraft led to gaining control of the air?  Describe the first type of bullet deflection used on propellers.  What influence did the invention of the interrupting gear have on the use of fighter aircraft?  Describe the problems associated with the wing mounted machine guns?  Describe the first all metal, low wing monoplane.  EQ: Describe significant aviation events occurring between 1904-1919 and their impact on future aviation development.

46.  Germans captured Garros and his plane  Dutch – airplane designer – Anthony Fokker improved on design  Fokker designed a machine gun that fired through a spinning propeller  This gave Germans total control over the skies for over a year

47.  Mission:  What type of aircraft led to gaining control of the air?  Describe the first type of bullet deflection used on propellers.  What influence did the invention of the interrupting gear have on the use of fighter aircraft?  Describe the problems associated with the wing mounted machine guns?  Describe the first all metal, low wing monoplane.  EQ: Describe significant aviation events occurring between 1904-1919 and their impact on future aviation development.

48.  Allies tried to mount a gun to the top of the wing but was ineffective due to increased drag

49. The Wing-Mounted Gun Solution: Fire above the path of the propeller: Fitted with either drum or clip ammunition feed systems Two issues: Unreliable and prone to jamming difficult task of reloading ammunition or clearing a round from a jammed gun while flying

50.  Mission:  What type of aircraft led to gaining control of the air?  Describe the first type of bullet deflection used on propellers.  What influence did the invention of the interrupting gear have on the use of fighter aircraft?  Describe the problems associated with the wing mounted machine guns?  Describe the first all metal, low wing monoplane.  EQ: Describe significant aviation events occurring between 1904-1919 and their impact on future aviation development.

51.  May 1918 ◦ German designer Hugo Junkers built world’s first all metal, low-wing monoplane fighter called the Junkers D1 ◦ Arrived too late to make a difference in the war but was the fighter of the future

52. Questions / Comments

53.  Each Group MUST follow all directions  STOP! - If you are unsure  SAFETY at ALL Times  Accuracy and Authenticity will be judged  Each Group Member is responsible to produce a 2 page paper on the model. ◦ Aircraft Specifications ◦ Aircraft contribution to Aviation development ◦ Significant Aviation Pioneers associated with aircraft (pilots, inventors etc.)  The Group will provide a Presentation on the model. ◦ 5to 7 slides (Title slide; Body; Summary Slide)

54. Questions / Comments

55. Lesson Closure - 3 – 2 - 1 3. List 3 things you learned today. 1. Create (1) quiz question with answer about today’s lesson. 2. List 2 things you have questions about today’s lesson.

56. Questions / Comments

58.  Must Use Safety Glasses  Use of Cutting tools is Dangerous – AT ALL TIMES  Must Use Cutting Mats  Extended breathing of adhesives and paint fumes can be dangerous  All Areas will remain clean and organized  Plane Captains will insure All Areas will be cleaned and all items put back in proper locations 10 minutes prior to class ending  Class SAFETY MONITOR will insure areas are clean and safe at all times

60. Questions / Comments

61.  French developed method for recognizing pilots who shot down enemy aircraft.  Used the term “ace” for a pilot who shot down five enemy aircraft  The British and the Americans adopted the same criteria  Germans required10 enemy aircraft downed for “Ace” to be used

62. WWI Fighter Aces

64. Fokker Machine Gun

65. The engine revolves at least 1,000 turns per minute two chances for the gun to fire for each revolution this would allow the gun to fire 2,000 shots per minute The rate of fire of a machine gun varies from about 400 to 1,000 shots per minute

66. SUNDAYMONDAYTUESDAYWEDNESDAYTHURSDAYFRIDAYSATURDAY 2930 Progress in Europe Model Building 12 Flying Vertical Commercial Flying Model Building 34 56 Chapter 2 QUIZ Preparing for War WWI – Role of the Airplane Model Building 78 Europe in WWI Fighter Development Model Building 910 FltLine Friday Model Building 11 121314 Chapter 2 QUIZ Fighter Aces Model Building 1516 US in WWI Ind 2 pg paper Presentation / Models Due 18 1920 Chapter 2 TEST 1st Quarter Grades Due 2122 FltLine Friday “FlyBoys” 2324 No School Parent/Teacher Conf. 25 262728293031 October 2014