1. Religion in China Section 4.4-4.5

2. Confucius Born 551 BCE Scholar Advised rulers Zhou Dynasty Turned to teaching Never wrote down ideas Philosophy: system of ideas concerned with worldly goals, social order and good govt

3. 5 Relationships Harmony when people accept place in society 5 key relationships Father to son Elder brother to younger brother Husband to wife Ruler to subject Friend to friend Except for friendship, none of relationships are equal

4. Duties Superiors should care for inferiors Inferiors owe loyalty and obedience to superiors Correct behavior brings order and stability Filial piety: respect for parents above all other duties Honesty, hard work, concern for others

5. Government Ruler had responsibility to provide good govt In return people should be respectful and loyal citizens Lead by good example Should be well educated

6. Spread of Confucianism Ideas influenced Chinese life Rulers relied on ideas Traditional customs- ancestor worship China, Japan, Vietnam, Korea 1/3 of world under influence of ideas

7. Legalism Hanfeizi “Nature of man is evil” Order through strict laws, harsh punishments Strength, not goodness, is most important for rulers Many rulers found Legalism more effective than Confucianism Qin Dynasty – Rules so severe that future generations hated Legalism – Worked for building Great Wall of China

8. Daoism Unspoken way Laozi- “Old Master” Lived at time of Confucius The Way of Virtue Living in harmony with nature Focus- finding the Dao Reject conflict

9. Daoism Viewed government as unnatural Evolved into popular religion with gods and goddesses Searched for immortality People blended Confucianism and Daoism into one religion – Confucianism- how to behave – Daoism- how to view natural world

10. Buddhism in China 100 AD – Mahayana Buddhism spread to China Chinese had trouble—give up family tradition for solitary meditation (monks) Popular in times of crisis 400 AD- spread through China Buddhist monasteries – Absorbed Confucianism and Daoism

11. Shi Huangdi Conquered warring states United dynasty using Legalism Built Qin dynasty 36 Military districts Monitored nobles, had spies across empire Standard weights and measures Transportation, building projects

12. Dissent Jailed, tortured, killed all opposition Book burning

13. Great Wall of China All walls joined together and extended Thousands worked through all conditions 25 feet high, topped with road Workers died and were buried in the wall Thousands of miles long Symbol of people Divided civilized world from nomadic “barbarians” Qin dynasty collapsed, Han dynasty founded

14. Han Dynasty Han Wudi 141 BCE-87 BCE Confucian rule Monopoly on iron and salt – Complete control of product or business by one group Expansionism – Increasing amount of territory and Chinese rule – Drove nomads beyond Great Wall – Expanded into Koreas, Vietnam, Tibet, Central Asia

15. Silk Road Trade route New foods to China – Walnuts, grapes, figs, cucumbers Glass Chinese sent silk westward – Growing demand Stretched 4,000 miles Goods relayed in stages Linked Persia to China

16. Han Confucianism- official belief of state Collapse- courts undermined leaders Warlords controlled region- powerful military leaders Overthrew in 220 AD Invaders poured over Great Wall – started own states

17. Han Achievements Science – Wrote on chemistry, zoology, botany – Astronomers – Seismograph invented – Eclipse theory Medicine – Diagnosed disease – Acupuncture Technology – Durable paper from wood pulp – Shipbuilding- rudder – Bronze and iron stirrups – Fishing reels – Wheelbarrows – Suspension bridges – Ideas moved West Arts – Temples and palaces – Jade and Ivory carvings – Ceramics – Bronzeworkers – Silkmakers