1. EARLY EUROPE Chapter 4.1

2. ANCIENT GREECE  Divided up into City-States  Athens: believed in democratic rule; known for its philosophers  Sparta: Ruled by nobles; known as a warring city- state

3. ANCIENT GREECE  300 B. C. Alexander the Great conquered all of Greece and helped spread Greek culture throughout Europe

4. ROME  Legend states that Rome was founded by two brothers Romulus and Remus  Rome was settled around 1000 B.C.  Started out as a monarchy and became a Republic (Led by 2 Consuls and the Senate)

5. ROMAN EMPIRE  Rome expanded in 200- 100 B.C. and encompassed the Mediterranean Sea  The rise of emperors caused the Senate to lose power  Murder of Julius Caesar  Ocatavius became Rome’s first emperor

6. DECLINE OF THE EMPIRE  Constantine I moved the Capital to Constantinople 330 AD.  Splitting the Empire (East and West)  Germany invaded the Western Roman Empire in 400 A.D  Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine empire) lasted another 1000 years

7. MEDIEVAL EUROPE 500 AD - 1500

8. RISE OF CHRISTIANITY  Popes became the leaders of the Catholic Church starting in 500 AD  Church sent out missionaries to spread their religious views  During 1000’s the Catholic Church sponsored a series of holy wars called Crusades  Wanted to take Jerusalem back from the Muslims

9. HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE  The Western Roman Empire was divided up into smaller German Kingdoms  Charlemagne was the leader of the most important Germanic Kingdom called the Franks  The pope crowned him king of the “Western Roman Empire” newly named the Holy Roman Empire  After his death, his kingdom was divided up between his sons & Grandsons that laid the foundations for Spain, Germany, Italy, France

10. MEDIEVAL SOCIETY  The political and social system during this time was called Feudalism.  Kings would grant land to Nobles in return for military service