2. 1. The belief that the United States was set apart to extend its boundaries to the Pacific Ocean was called Manifest Destiny.

3. 2. In the early 1800s, England, Spain, the United States and Russia claimed the Oregon Country. This area lay between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains north of California.

4. 3. Mountain Men made their living as fur trappers. 5. The high point of the year for the mountain men was the yearly rendevous. 6. Mountain man Jedidiah Smith discovered a path through the Rockies that pioneers called the South Pass.

5. 7. A person who leaves a country or region to live elsewhere is called an emigrant.

6. 8. Many Americans opposed the annexation of Texas because Texas was a slave state. 9. When did the Unites States annex Texas? December 1845 10. The president at the time Texas was annexed was James K. Polk.

7. 15. What happened as a result of the United States annexing Texas? War with Mexico

8. 16. The United States insisted that the border between the U.S. and Mexico was the Rio Grande. 17. President Polk used an attack on U.S. forces on the Rio Grand as grounds for war.

9. 18. The Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo ended the war with Mexico. List four parts of that plan: 1.Mexico gave up all claims to Texas. 2.Mexico agreed on the Rio Grande as the border between Mexico and Texas. 3.Mexican Cession: Mexico ceded California and New Mexico to the U.S. 4.The U.S. gave Mexico $15 million.

10. 19. Cede means to give up by treaty. 20. The California gold rush began when gold was found in the American River at Sutter’s sawmill. 21. A pioneer traveling to California would have to cross the Sierra Nevada mountain range.

11. 22. Those who arrived in California in 1849 were called forty-niners. 23. Who made huge profits during the Gold Rush? Merchants 24. Who invented sturdy denim pants for the miners to wear? Levi Strauss

12. 25. California’s request for statehood caused a crises in Congress because it banned slavery- it upset the balance of free and slave states.

13. 26. What group of people made the largest single migration in American history? The Mormons Where did they settle? Salt Lake City, Utah 27.Who was the founder of the Mormon Church? Joseph Smith Who became the leader after he was killed by a mob? Brigham Young 28. To escape religious persecution, the Mormons decided to move west to Utah.

14. 29. What was the final purchase allowing the U. S. to reach its present size? The Gadsden Purchase One reason for this purchase was to build a transcontinental railroad.