2. Objectives You will understand that architectural design is composed of elements. You will know the definitions of these elements. You will be able to identify structures that illustrate these elements.

3. Elements of Architecture: The Basics of Beautiful Design What elements and principles of architecture do architects include in the design of structures?

4. The Basics of Architecture Structure Anything that is built or constructed and has a plan. Seagram Bldg NYC

5. The Basics of Architecture: Basic Structures Post and Lintel Method of construction in which vertical posts support horizontal lintel, beam. Stonehenge

6. The Basics of Architecture: Basic Structures Columns Vertical, round pillar that supports an arch or entablature Parthenon

7. Three types of Greek Columns Doric -simple capital Ionic -scrolled capital Corinthian -fancy capital

8. Doric Ionic Corinthian

9. Corinthian Column Capital

10. The Basics of Architecture: Basic Structures Colonnade Line of arches or columns bearing a horizontal entablature. St. Peter’s Square Parthenon

11. Entablature The parts of an order between the column capital and the roof or pediment. It is divided into three parts: architrave, frieze, and cornice.

12. The Basics of Architecture: Basic Structures Arch Vaulted wall opening that can span large spaces. Coliseum

13. Pont du Gard

14. St. Paul’s Cathedral

15. Types of Arches

16. The Basics of Architecture: Basic Structures Dome a large hemispherical roof or ceiling arches are jointed at the top and legs form a circle creates more expansive space inside a structure base can be circular or angled Hagia Sophia – square base

17. Dome of the Rock Circular Base

18. The Basics of Architecture: Basic Structures Spire a tapering roof or pyramidal construction surmounting a tower Salisbury Cathedral - England

19. The Basics of Architecture: Basic Structures Cantilever Horizontally projecting beam or part of a structure supported only at one end. Falling Water

20. Cantilever

21. The Basics of Architecture: Basic Structures Buttress A projecting structure for support to give stability to a load- bearing wall. Counteracts lateral thrust.

22. The Basics of Architecture: Basic Structures Flying Buttress Arch commonly seen on the exterior of Gothic cathedrals Used to support high stone walls by transmitting force to an exterior support. Counteracts lateral thrust. Notre Dame – Paris France

24. Buttress Flying Buttress

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30. Media or Materials -what the structure is made from

31. Function -purpose for which the building was originally designed The function of a building may change over time but the original purpose still dominates the design.

32. Context Physical The area on which the building is constructed. When considering the context of a building, you must also look at the environment. Japanese School

33. Physical Context Construction of the tower occurred in three stages across 344 years The tower's tilt began during construction, caused by an inadequate foundation on ground too soft on one side to properly support the structure's weight. Leaning Tower of Pisa

34. Context Historical/Cultural The time, place, and culture that influenced the creation of the building. Todaji Buddhist Temple Nara, Japan All wood construction

35. The Elements of Architecture Line Where two parts come together Great Pyramid

36. The Elements of Architecture Color Colors used on the interior or exterior of the building. Dome of the Rock

37. The Elements of Architecture Shape/Form The outline of the building if viewed from the air AND from the ground. St. Paul’s Cathedral - aerial view

38. Shape/Form

39. The Elements of Architecture Texture How the building feels or looks Can be the interior or exterior Guggenheim

40. The Principles of Architecture Space The area in and around a building Louvre

41. The Principles of Architecture Balance Distribution of weight Eiffel Towel

42. The Principles of Architecture Rhythm/Repetition/ Pattern Repeated use of an element Raphael’s Loggia

43. The Principles of Architecture Emphasis Calling attention to one part This is achieved by using the elements and principles of architecture Dome of the Rock

44. The Principles of Architecture Variety/Contrast the use of differing elements Villa rotunda

45. The Principles of Architecture Proportion comparison of size of parts and size of the whole

46. The Principles of Architecture Scale Scale-sized compared to people Pantheon - Rome

47. The Principles of Architecture Unity Use of similar elements to tie the work together Leaning Tower of Pisa