1. Phonemic Awareness activities These exercises are from the book: At the cutting edge (2 nd edition, 2005) By Tom Nicholson Published by New Zealand Council for Educational Research, Wellington)

2. Levels of phonological analysis: Word to Syllable to Onset-rime to Phoneme Word Onset- rime Syllable Phoneme

3. Initial phoneme Teacher says: “I spy something beginning with p” (pupil points to picture of PIANO)

4. Blending Teacher says: Point to the C-A-P (pupil points to the picture of the CAP)

5. Final sound: Teacher says: “I spy something ending with the sound T” (answer is “cat”)

6. Final sound - Yes-No game Teacher says: Does turtle end with t? (answer in “no”) Does hat end with t? (answer is “yes”)

7. Segmentation activity – Teacher says: “Say DUCK. Now put your finger on the first square ans tell me the first phoneme in DUCK. Now put your finger on the second square and tell me the second phoneme in DUCK. And so on. /DUCK/ /D//U//CK/

8. Segmenting Teacher says: Point to the /DOG/. What are the 3 sounds in /DOG/? (answer is d-o-g)

9. Deletion and Substitution: Teacher says: Say TURTLE without the T (answer is “urtle”). Say SUN without the S (answer is “un”). Instead of G, begin GUN with B (answer is “bun”). Instead of T, end HAT with M (answer is “ham”). Hint – be sure just to show the student the pictures below - be sure not to spell the words for them – say each word (e.g., “turtle”) according to its correct pronunciation.