1. Biochemistry Lecture 2

2. Bioenergetics “The study of energy transductions in living cells” Biological processes obey the laws of thermodynamics, i.e.: –Energy isn’t created or destroyed –Entropy of the system always increases Cell Reactants Products

3. Thermodynamics + 6 +6 6

6. Free Energy in Bioenergetics At equilibrium, ΔG = 0 and Q becomes K eq or Structural differences between products and reactants Concentration differences between products and reactants

9. Organic Chemistry, revisited

10. ATP Hydrolysis

12. Coupled Reactions (and why we need them)

15. +++RC O OHHOR'RC O O 16.7 kJ/molH 2 O

19. RC O OH+10.5 kJ/molOPOPOPO O O O O O O Ad RC O O O O OPOPOPO O O O O + +

23. RC O O O O OP O O O OP+ + + 25.1 kJ/mol HOR' RC O O

24. RC O O HO RC O OH+ATP +AMP +PP +14.6 kJ/mol +

25. Phosphate and ATP

26. Oxidation and Reduction

28. Electron Carriers