1. The Drive to Improved Performance/watt and Increasing Compute Density Steve Pawlowski Intel Senior Fellow GM, Architecture and Planning CTO, Digital Enterprise Group Intel Corporation

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3. 3 Green IT - #1 IT Issue Energy Costs and Cooling #1 Growth Limiters… Power and Cooling Capacity Limiting Growth Source: Liebert Data Center User Group, Spring 2008 “Intel and Google Join with Dell, EDS, EPA, HP, IBM, Lenovo, Microsoft, PG&E, World Wildlife Fund and Others to Launch Climate Savers Computing Initiative” - Intel News Release, June 12, 2007

4. 4 CERN’s Projected Computing Need vs. Power Density 0 30000 40000 50000 20000 10000 60000 70000 80000 2008 20092010 73000 63000 54000 16000 33000 20112012 Source: “Strategies for increasing data centre power efficiency,” Dr. Andreas Hirstius, Sverre Jarp, Andrzej Nowak. CERN Openlab, 19 February 2008 kSPECInt2000 Power (MW) 1.5 2.0 2.5 (CERN limit) 2.5 or 5.0 ? 2008 to 2012: 4.5X (35% CAGR) computing density increase, but with thermal limit of 2.5 MW to possible 5 MW (requires new facility)

5. 5 Limitations Driving Server Compute Improvements 0 3 4 5 2 1 6 7 8 2008 20092010 1.7 2.1 1 20112012 2.7 3.6 Normalized Query Per Second / w 20132014 9 10 5.3 7.6 1 1.7 5.1 7.8 13 2.1 2.7 3.6 5.2 5.6 Bandwidth with 2Level Memory Constrained Memory Bandwidth Unconstrained Memory Bandwidth Intercept CERN’s Density Requirement for 4.5X compute @ 2.5MW Assume: Constrained memory BW is pin limited with planned memory technology and frequency of the time frame: DDR3 speed up to 2133 MHz and 4 memory channels Source: Intel, future computing density projection

6. 6 Technology Concepts ‘New Interface’ Multiples of DDR3 BW 2Level memory provides potential TCO improvement CPU High density solutions for scale out workloads 30-40W Low Power µBlade concept Memory 1 Memory 2 Standard Memory Interface

7. 7 Data Center Innovations High density data centers Containerized data centers

8. 8 Innovations to Increase Compute Density Silicon Process Target 50% yearly improvements in performance/watt Year Compute Density Data Center Innovation Power Management Small Form Factor New Technology ++++ Datacenter of the Future Source: Intel, based on Intel YoY improvement with SpecPower Benchmark

9. 9 Backup