1. Cellular Respiration

2. Do you like to run, bike, or swim? These all are good ways to exercise. When you exercise, your body uses oxygen to get energy from glucose, a six-carbon sugar. Section 9-1 How does your body feel at the start of exercise, such as a long, slow run? How do you feel 1 minute into the run; 10 minutes into the run? 1. How does your body feel at the start of exercise, such as a long, slow run? How do you feel 1 minute into the run; 10 minutes into the run? 2. What do you think is happening in your cells to cause the changes in how you feel? 3. Think about running as fast as you can for 100 meters. Could you keep up this pace for a much longer distance? Explain your answer. Go to Section: Feel the Burn

3. Energy in Food Energy is measured in calories (C) = the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 Celsius degree. Cells release the energy from glucose and other food compounds through multiple steps The energy from food is used to make ATP (a form of energy your cells can use)

4. Mitochondria Breakdown process occurs in mitochondria. The mitochondria is known as the cell’s “Power-house!” Output CO 2 H 2 O

5. Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration is the process of breaking down food (glucose) in cells in the presence of oxygen to release energy. In the presence of oxygen, food is broken down through the processes of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain = cellular respiration It uses oxygen taken in as you breath = aerobic Carbon dioxide, water, energy, and some heat are given off as waste products.

6. Glucose Glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron transport Fermentation (without oxygen) Alcohol or lactic acid Chemical Pathways Section 9-1 Go to Section:

7. Cellular Respiration Equation Requirements: – C 6 H 12 O 6 – organic sugar comes from digested foods eaten – 6O 2 – oxygen comes from air you breathe Products: – 6CO 2 – carbon dioxide is released by breathing out – 6H 2 O – water is released as a waste in your urine, sweat or breath – Energy – chemical ATP energy is released C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy sugaroxygencarbon water sugaroxygencarbon water (glucose) dioxide (glucose) dioxide

8. Cellular Respiration Equation Does this look similar to photosynthesis? – Are these products seen in photosynthesis? – Are these requirements seen in photosynthesis? C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy sugaroxygencarbon water sugaroxygencarbon water (glucose) dioxide (glucose) dioxide

9. Compare Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Function Store energy Release energy Location Chloroplasts – in plants, algae and some bacteria Mitochondria – in all eukaryotes and some prokaryotes Reactants Carbon dioxide & water Glucose & oxygen Products Carbon dioxide & water Equation 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O

10. It is a CYCLE! The chloroplasts and mitochondria transform energy in the cell and feed off each others’ waste products. – Chloroplasts use the CO 2 given off by mitochondria. – Mitochondria use O 2 given off by chloroplasts

11. Why do plants have both chloroplasts and mitochondria? 1. Summer – chlorophyll captures sunlight and performs photosynthesis 3. Winter – The stored energy keeps the plant alive without leaves 2. Fall – The chemical energy (glucose) is stored 4. Spring – The mitochondria break down glucose to release energy through cellular respiration to produce new buds to make leaves

12. Glucose Glycolysis Cytoplasm Pyruvic acid Electrons carried in NADH Krebs Cycle Electrons carried in NADH and FADH 2 Electron Transport Chain Mitochondrion Figure 9–2 Respiration: An Overview Mitochondrion Section 9-1 Go to Section:

13. Interest Grabber Rolling and Folding Some of the steps in cellular respiration take place in the membrane inside the cell structure called the mitochondrion, which has a folded inner membrane. – What purpose do these folds serve? – What has happened to the surface area of the inside of the rolled paper? – What would be the value of increasing the surface area of the membrane inside a mitochondrion? Section 9-2 Go to Section:

14. Flowchart Section 9-2 Glucose (C 6 H 12 0 6 ) + Oxygen (0 2 ) Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) + Water (H 2 O) Go to Section: Cellular Respiration

15. Glycolysis One molecule of glucose is broken in half producing two molecules of pyruvic acid, a 3- carbon compound ATP Production: 2 ATP molecules are put into glycolysis to start the process and 4 ATP are made, so the net gain = 2 ATP NADH Production: NAD+ accepts electrons making NADH to help pass energy from glucose to other pathways in the cell

16. Krebs Cycle Pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide and released in a series of energy- extracting reactions Electrons are transferred to energy carriers (4 NADH & 1 FADH 2 ) 1 ATP is produced.

17. Electron Transport The high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle are passed to the electron transport chain to convert ADP into ATP – Every pair of electrons transported makes 3 ATP – Oxygen accepts the electrons and releases them as water http://www.qcc.cuny.edu/biologicalsciences/Faculty/DMeyer/respiration.ht ml

18. Cellular Respiration Totals Glycolysis produces just 2 ATP from one glucose In the absence of oxygen, only 2 ATP produced In the presence of oxygen, the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain produce 34 more ATP, totaling in 36 ATP = a lot of energy!