1. National Reading Panel Components of an Effective Reading Program (cont’d)

2. Sound Card Drills Drill Daily Use letter name and letter sound Use a keyword for troublesome letters Clip the Sound (b - /b/ not /bu/) Vowels a different color than consonants

3. Feel Mouth Position

4. Draw a Picture

5. Tracking Speech Sounds

6. Tracking

7. Progress Monitor Tracking

8. “What Says ……” Drill Teacher says a sound or word Student repeats the sound Student names the letter while tracing the letter on the desk or sky writing the letter

9. Phoneme/Grapheme Mapping

11. Sound Tapping

12.  Tap thumb to fingers for each Sound Card, while saying the sound. First sound –index Second – middle Next – ring finger  Blend the sounds and name the word while dragging your thumb across fingers. m a p b r i d g e s o ck f l a m e s

13. Phonics Strategies

14. Sound Card Manipulation

15. Syllable Marking

16. Marking Syllables

17. Mark the Syllables Scoop each syllable Identify the syllable type closed –c open – o vce – e cle – l r-controlled – r vowel pair - d Mark the vowels Cross out silent letters * above letters used for spelling only Circle any suffix g a r l i c t o w e r s b a f f l e c i r c u l a t e m a r r y

18. Syllable Division

19. Tracking Multisyllabic Words

20. Jewel Box for Concept Review

21. Dictation of Sounds, Words, Sentences

22. Comprehension Strategies

23. History of Strategy Instruction 60’s – 70’s “Assign and Assess” 80’s “SQ3R” 1984 Theory of Cunningham 1. Before You Reading 2. During Reading 3. After Reading 2000 National Reading Panel

24. National Reading Panel on Comprehension 7 Strategies for Students Comprehension Self Monitor Cooperative Leaning Graphic Organizers Questioning Story Structure Answering Questions Summarizing (Using Mental Imagery)

25. Comprehension Program Visualizing and Verbalizing, For Language Comprehension and Thinking by Nanci Bell Picture Word Single Sentence Paragraph Multiple Paragraphs

26. Sentenced Comprehension

27. Visualizing

28. Structure Words Picture Words WhatWhere SizeShape ColorNumber Advanced Structure Words MoodMovement WhenBackground SoundPerspective

29. Multiple Paragraph Comprehension

30. Highlighting … an active comprehension monitoring tool. Highlight only the words that make you picture something. Helps students stay focused… …… looking for words to highlight The act of highlighting moves facts into memory Easier to find answers Easier to take notes / study

31. Strategy Lessons and Resources

32. Best Practices for Teaching Comprehension Strategies 1. Teacher-Directed : -when to use strategy -why to use strategy -how to use strategy 2. Teacher Models instruction by verbalizing her thinking (think-alouds) 3. Guided Practice: teacher and student work together 4. Independent Practice : student works along but teacher monitors

33. Resources Florida Center for Reading Research –FCRR established in 2002 Florida State University Student Center Activities K-12-3 4-5 Activities for all of the five components of reading instruction. www.fcrr.org

34. Vocabulary

35. National Reading Panel on Vocabulary Should be taught directly and indirectly Methods should be appropriate for age & ability Computer use was found to be more effective than some traditional methods in some studies Repetition and multiple exposures are important Learned through rich context

36. Indirect ApproachDirect Approach Conversation Read-Alouds Personal Reading  Discussion after a read- aloud  Vocabulary Cards 5 x 8 index cards Front-picture w/word Back – definition, synonym Display in room, review often  Morpheme Analysis Vocabulary

37. Fluency

38. Oral Reading Fluency Interventions Echo Reading (Neurological Impress Method) - joint oral reading of the teacher and students at a fluent pace Repeated Readings - the student reads and rereads a passage until they read at a satisfactory rate Recorded Repeated Readings - teacher-made recordings - Published recordings

39. Sight Word Drills

40. Picture Cues for Sight Words

41. Graphing Progress

42. Program for Fluency

43. Take-Home Reading Pocket

44. Motivation