1. NPOESS Status Vince Tabor Office of Satellite Data Processing and Distribution Asian Pacific Satellite Data Exchange and Utilization Meeting Seoul, June 1-3, 2005

2. Page 2 DMSP (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program) EOS (Earth Observing System) NPOESS (National Polar Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System) Sensor data rate: 1.5 Mbps Data latency: 100-150 min. 15 Mbps sensor data rate Data latency: 100-180 min. Data availability: 98% Ground revisit time: 12 hrs. 20 Mbps sensor data rate Data latency: 28 min. Data availability: 99.98% Autonomy capability: 60 days Selective encryption/deniability Ground revisit time: 4-6 hrs. Evolutionary Roadmap POES (Polar Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites) NPP (NPOESS Preparatory Program) 1960 - 2000 2000 - 20102010 – 2020+

3. Page 3 3 1. Sense Phenomena 2. Downlink Raw Data 3. Transport Data to Centrals for Processing Monitor and Control Satellites and Ground Elements 4. Process Raw data into EDRs and Deliver to Centrals Full IDP Capability at each Central NESDIS, AFWA, FNMOC, NAVO TOBSTOBS LATMLATM LCLLCL FO G LRNLRN T AT M T SK Y eijeij Field Terminals SafetyNet Receptors Global fiber network connects 15 receptors to Centrals MMC (Suitland) Schriever MMC System Overview

4. Page 4 Top Level Data Flow Description VIIRS CMIS CrIS ATMS. ADCS +++ Sensor Packets S/C C&DH assembles and labels Data Units SSR 3 2 1... R-S Encoding Viterbi enc. Ka-band SMD 15 SafetyNet Receptors Environmental Scene (Encryption) C2 C3 C1 Viterbi decode R-S error correction Buffer and forward valid Data Units to CONUS gateways via global fiber network Satcom hop for McMurdo To Gateways 4 Data flow prototypes and characterizes end-to-end data format, protocol, and function to ensure efficient and reliable data delivery

5. Page 5 Top Level Data Flow Description - II Data Handling Node (one at each Central) Gateways multicast data to Centrals via CONUS fiber network Ingest (Decrypt) Open Data Units to extract sensor packets Ingest subsystem Decompress Chop into granules Recover/assemble RDRs SDR EDR Delivery Data Units from each satellite arrive at Centrals C1 data units Legend: C2 data units C3 data units 1 2 5 6 7 3 7 89 2 6 7 7 1 3 8 5 3 6 9 Remove duplicates Sort by time From Receptors CONUS Gateways IDPS at each Central 5 Data flow prototypes and characterizes end-to-end data format, protocol, and function to ensure efficient and reliable data delivery

6. Page 6 NESDISAFWA C3 Segment Field Terminal Segment Svalbard Primary T&C NPP SMD Svalbard Primary T&C NPP SMD TDRSS Launch Support Segment Launch Support Segment NPP (1030) MMC at Suitland Flight Operations Team Enterprise Management Mission Management Satellite Operations Data Monitoring & Recovery White Sands Complex LEO & A Backup T&C White Sands Complex LEO & A Backup T&C TDRSS SD S Data Handling Node, Front End Processor One full set resides in each of the 2 Centrals NPP Stored Mission Data Command and Telemetry Interface Data Processing Segment One full set resides in each of the 2 Centrals Data Mgt Infra Ingest Cal/Val Process Data Del Data Mgt Infra Ingest Cal/Val Process Data Del State 1 – NPP Mission Only Risk Reduction Mission Phase HRD Processing Demonstration HRD Processing Demonstration GPS LTA Space Segment

7. Page 7 NESDISAFWAFNMOCNAVO C3 Segment 1330 Field Terminal Segment GPS Svalbard Primary T&C NPP SMD Svalbard Primary T&C NPP SMD TDRSS NPOESS Spacecraft Launch Support Segment Launch Support Segment NPP (1030) MMC at Suitland Flight Operations Team Enterprise Management Mission Management Satellite Operations Data Monitoring & Recovery White Sands Complex LEO & A Backup T&C White Sands Complex LEO & A Backup T&C TDRSS ADCS SARSAT HRD Field Terminal HRD Field Terminal LRD Field Terminal LRD Field Terminal Schriever MMC Contingency Operations Team SD S Data Handling Node, Front End Processor One full set resides in each of the 4 Centrals 15 Globally Distributed Receptor Sites Interconnected by Commercial Fiber NPOESS Stored Mission Data NPP Stored Mission Data Command and Telemetry Interface Data Processing Segment One full set resides in each of the 4 Centrals Data Mgt Infra Ingest Cal/Val Process Data Del Data Mgt Infra Ingest Cal/Val Process Data Del Data Mgt Infra Ingest Cal/Val Process Data Del Data Mgt Infra Ingest Cal/Val Process Data Del * Patent Pending * State 2 – NPP & NPOESS Initial Operational Capability (IOC) LTA 2130 Space Segment

8. Page 8 NESDISAFWAFNMOCNAVO Space Segment C3 Segment 133017302130 Field Terminal Segment GPS Svalbard Primary T&C NPP SMD Svalbard Primary T&C NPP SMD TDRSS Residuals NPOESS Spacecraft Launch Support Segment Launch Support Segment MMC at Suitland Flight Operations Team Enterprise Management Mission Management Satellite Operations Data Monitoring & Recovery White Sands Complex LEO & A Backup T&C White Sands Complex LEO & A Backup T&C ADCS SARSAT HRD Field Terminal HRD Field Terminal LRD Field Terminal LRD Field Terminal Schriever MMC Contingency Operations Team Data Handling Node, Front End Processor One full set resides in each of the 4 Centrals 15 Globally Distributed Receptor Sites Interconnected by Commercial Fiber NPOESS Stored Mission Data Command and Telemetry Interface Data Processing Segment One full set resides in each of the 4 Centrals Data Mgt Infra Ingest Cal/Val Process Data Del Data Mgt Infra Ingest Cal/Val Process Data Del Data Mgt Infra Ingest Cal/Val Process Data Del Data Mgt Infra Ingest Cal/Val Process Data Del * Patent Pending * State 3 – NPOESS Full Operational Capability (FOC) LTA

9. Page 9 LRD Sites HRD Sites Svalbard, Norway Primary T&C TDRS GPS Launch support and Backup T&C L5: 1176.45 MHz L2: 1227.6 MHz L1: 1575.42 MHz SafetyNet Sites ARGOS / Advanced Data Collection System ALT: 5300 MHz  & 13.575 GHz  ADCS: 401.6 MHz  & 466 MHz  Emergency Search & Rescue SARSAT: 406.05 MHz  & 1544.5 MHz  CMIS and ATMS Instruments use passive bands from 6 GHz to 183 GHz NPP SMD: X-band: 8212.5 MHz T&C: S-band Command: 2067.3 MHz  Telemetry: 2245 MHz  SESS beacons: 150.0 MHz  466.7 MHz  1066. 7 MHz  3116.9 MHz  3200.3 MHz  3283.6 MHz  SESS Topside Sounder 3 to 30 MHz  SMD: Ka-band 25.5 - 27 GHz  LRD: L-band 1704 MHz  HRD: X-band 7812 MHz  NPOESS RF Link Summary (as filed with NTIA 10 April 2003)

10. Page 10 Ground Stations SafetyNet™ -- 15 globally distributed SMD receptors linked to the centrals via commercial fiber -- enables low data latency and high data availability Forteleza Portugal Perth

11. Page 11 NPOESS EDR Processing Timeline Requirement: 95% of data delivered within 28 min. Capability: Delivering in 23.6 minutes Requirement: 95% of data delivered within 28 min. Capability: Delivering in 23.6 minutes Requirement: >77% of data delivered within 15 min. Capability: Delivering 80.3% Requirement: >77% of data delivered within 15 min. Capability: Delivering 80.3% Average < 10 min Earliest Data Delivered < 3 min

12. Page 12 Average Data Latency Latency (minutes)

13. Page 13 Real-Time Operational Demonstrations NPP (2008) CrIS/ATMS VIIRS OMPS Aqua (2002) AIRS/AMSU/HSB & MODIS METOP (2005) IASI/AMSU/MHS & AVHRR NPOESS (2009) CrIS/ATMS, VIIRS, CMIS, OMPS & ERBS Coriolis WindSat (2003) NWS/NCEP GSFC/DAO ECMWF UKMO FNMOC Meteo-France BMRC-Australia Met Serv Canada NWS/NCEP GSFC/DAO ECMWF UKMO FNMOC Meteo-France BMRC-Australia Met Serv Canada NWP Forecasts NWP Forecasts NOAA Real-Time Data Delivery Timeline Ground Station Scenario NOAA Real-time User C3S IDPS Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation Use of Advanced Sounder Data for Improved Weather Forecasting/Numerical Weather Prediction

14. Page 14 Development Sensor Highlights Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Raytheon Santa Barbara Prototype in assembly/qual, flight unit in production 0.4 km imaging and 0.8 km radiometer resolution 22 spectral bands covering 0.4 to 12.5  m Automatic dual VNIR and triple DNB gains Spectrally and radiometrically calibrated EDR-dependent swath widths of 1700, 2000, and 3000 km Crosstrack InfraRed Sounder (CrIS) ITT Ft Wayne Prototype in qualification, flight unit in production 158 SWIR (3.92 to 4.64  m) channels 432 MWIR (5.71 to 8.26  m) channels 711 LWIR (9.14 to 15.38  m) channels 3x3 detector array with 15 km ground center-to-center 2200 km swath width Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) - NASA Northrop Grumman Electronics Flight unit in protoqual CrIS companion cross track scan Profiling at 23, 50 to 57, 183 GHz Surface measurements at 31.4, 88, 165 GHz 1.1, 3.3, and 5.2 deg (SDRs resampled) 2300 km swath width Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) Ball Aerospace Flight unit in production Total ozone column 300 to 380 nm with 1.0 nm resolution Nadir ozone profile 250 to 310 nm with 1.0 nm resolution Limb ozone profile 290 to 1000 nm with 2.4 to 54 nm resolution Swath width of 2800 km for total column

15. Page 15 Development Sensor Highlights (cont.) Conical Scanning Microwave Imager/Sounder (CMIS) Boeing Space Systems Delta PDR complete 2.2 m antenna RF imaging at 6, 10, 18, 36, 90, and 166 GHz Profiling at 23, 50 to 60, 183 GHz Polarimetry at 10, 18, 36 GHz 1700 km swath width Radio Interference (RFI) ECP complete, negotiations being wrapped up

16. Page 16 Leverage Sensor Highlights Radar Altimeter (ALT) Alcatel Measures range to ocean surface with a radar at 13.5 GHz Corrects for ionosphere with 5.3 GHz radar Corrects for atmosphere with CMIS water vapor measurements Precise orbit determination with GPS Earth’s Radiation Budget Suite (ERBS) Northrop Grumman Space Technology Three spectral channels Total radiation measurement 0.3 to 50  m Shortwave Vis and IR measurement 0.3 to 5  m Longwave IR measurement 8 to 12  m Total Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS) University of Colorado Agreements in place, design underway Two sensors for total irradiance (TIM) & spectral irradiance (SIM) –TIM measures total solar irradiance –SIM measures spectral irradiance 200 to 2000 nm Pointing platform and sensor suite to be provided by CU LASP Survivability Sensor (SS)

17. Page 17 Highlights of Other Sensors Space Environment Sensor Suite (SESS) Ball Aerospace Final instrument suite being selected, ECP in negotiations Sensor suite collecting data on particles, fields, aurora, and ionosphere Suite includes a UV disk imager (BATC), charged particle detectors (Amptek/U. of Chicago), thermal plasma sensors (UTD) Will distribute suite on all 3 orbital planes Advanced Data Collection System (ADCS) and Search and Rescue Satellite-Aided Tracking (SARSAT) ITAR agreements done, first integration TIMs underway “GFE” to NPOESS from France and Canada ADCS supports global environmental applications SARSAT collects distress beacon signals Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor (APS) Raytheon Santa Barbara Research Center Full development on hold pending NASA satellite “Glory” plans Aerosol characterizations of size, single scattering albedo, aerosol refractive index, aerosol phase function Multispectral (broad, 0.4 to 2.25  m) Multiangular (175 angles) Polarization (all states)

18. Page 18 NPOESS P 3 I Need for continued evolution recognized from the very beginning of NPOESS program P3I requirements in paras 1.6 and 4.1.6.8 of IORD II NASA’s role in NPOESS (per PDD) is technology development P3I is built into the NPOESS program to : Respond to changing/modified user needs To track, monitor, and respond to identified user products that the current NPOESS system can not implement due to technological constraints. Two forms of NPOESS P3I are envisioned Modification of existing sensor to accomplish need New sensor development required to implement need

19. Page 19 Polar WV Loops Winds improve Wx Fcst sfcmid-trop

20. Page 20 Space Segment CMIS VIIRS CrIS ATMS ERBS OMPS NPOESS 1330 Configuration Single satellite design for all orbits with common sensor accommodation Features 150 Mbps Ka-band link with ample growth margin Flexible, scalable avionics architecture Solid State Recorder expandable to 1 terabits Random Access for commanded re-transmission Modular “plug and play” design with standard IEEE 1394 and 1553 “Smart margins” throughout High reliability spacecraft (0.9 / 7yrs) with graceful degradation 45 days launch call-up from storage Onboard fault management Autonomous operations without commands up to 60 days Robust propulsion system On-board data compression Optimal redundancy

21. Page 21 NPOESS / NPP Sensor Manifest 13301730 2130 1030 NPP VIIRS CMIS CrIS ATMS SESS GPSOS SS SARSAT ADCS ERBS OMPS VIIRS CMIS VIIRS CMIS SS SARSAT ADCS ALT TSIS VIIRS CrIS ATMS SS CrIS ATMS APS SARSAT OMPS

22. Page 22 Sensor Suite vs EDR Requirements

23. Page 23 Low-Risk Launch Vehicle Integration EELV SIS compatible EELV-M 4-meter fairing accommodates satellite Satellite design compliant with Delta IV and Atlas V Baseline is Delta IV out of VAFB Sun-synch 828 km orbit No launch vehicle design integration issues Standard electrical, mechanical interfaces Interface control, with launch service contractor Launch processing planned – NPOESS will be third EELV launch for NGST team Transportation Facilities Processing Launch Atlas V400 EPF Delta IV (4,0) Standard interfaces ease integration with both launch vehicles

24. Page 24 Mission Management Center Includes mission planning, satellite and ground asset monitor and control, and enterprise management Enterprise-wide, hierarchical views into operational ‘real-time’ performance give the operators the necessary information to keep mission data delivered in a timely and highly available manner Hierarchical and user friendly software displays combined with a well-balanced mix of automated software and operator controlled procedures allow for a small cost-effective operations staff to be deployed yet maintain full oversight and control of mission operations Primary MMC, located in Suitland, Maryland, initially for NPP with operations expanded for NPOESS Schriever MMC, located at Schriever AFB, Colorado, prior to launch of the first NPOESS satellite MMC element provides tools and staff to effectively manage the overall NPP/NPOESS mission

25. Page 25 Field Terminal Segment Architecture

26. Page 26 Field Terminal Segment Design Dual use of IDPS software provides a best-value design that combines software and hardware flexibility, expandability, and robustness to meet stringent performance requirements IDPS designed with sufficient forethought to ensure it meets FTS needs JTA and DII COE Level 6 compliance minimize impacts to user interfaces and field terminals Lower development and maintenance costs FT users get timely access to latest algorithms ensuring quality EDRs Provides interoperability and hardware platform options Flexible design ensures users get the data they need when they need it Programmable downlink that favors high-resolution imagery and provides flexibility for the future Flexible ancillary data approach (critical ancillary data via satellite downlink for LRD) Data compression, channel selection

27. Page 27 Program Summary Program is making significant technical progress Overcoming problems as they develop Ongoing effort with contractors to ensure budget control Sensor overruns are straining the budget VIIRS is beginning to show some light down toward the end of the tunnel Cryocooler test currently underway shows that the basic design/performance issue is the result of mechanical failures NOT the basic radiator design We have adjusted the CrIS and OMPS schedules to hold down FY05 expenditures without creating another critical path NGST and IPO are working with Ball and NASA to plan an efficient integration process Once we settle on a VIIRS final schedule, we will establish new launch dates

28. Page 28 Watch List – 15 March 2005 VIIRS: EDU Cryoradiator failure to cool FPA sufficiently – Root cause analysis is in progress to determine if this is a design problem (common to FU1), an EDU workmanship issue, or due to test instrumentation problems (or some combination of these). Bare cryoradiator in T/V results look good. Baseline mitigation approach is to adopt ULTEM rigid mount isolators (struts or bipods) between stages instead of launch locks, but also carrying 2 launch lock alternatives (active, passive). Earthshine contamination on the Solar Diffuser – Recommended solutions selected by NGST-led working group from brainstorming inputs and consideration of effectiveness and manufacturability. Most affected EDR is OC/C. DNB offset knowledge – Analysis focus on how much residual error can be tolerated and still meet EDR performance, to be verified with users at AFWA (in case we confront eventual “use as is” decision). Meanwhile, FPGA code change for DNB readout timing (synchronous w/ TDI clocks) expected to eliminate/reduce the variable offsets at their source is nearing test. OMPS: TC defocus – Slit length determined not to be root cause - analysis concentrating on optics and identification of root cause and impact on EDR performance. CrIS: FPA performance degradation over time – Analysis focus on identification of acceptance criteria for flight FPAs and characterization and mitigation of LWIR detector degradation. CMIS: Warm load temperature uncertainty – Meeting with JPL and Aerospace experts conducted; focus on warm load cover and associated temperature uniformity, knowledge, and calibration performance. Spectral response characterization – Focus on EDR performance impact based on analysis of brightness temperature sensitivity to passband settability and stability by AER. ATMS: Gunn Diode reliability – channels 16-22 have decreased reliability. Focus on EDR performance impact if those channels are not operational: initial results show that the microwave-produced moisture profiles are highly degraded, as expected.