1. Geology of Illinois Garden of the Gods – Shawnee Hills

3. Apple River, Near Galena

4. Mississippi Palisades, Savannah, IL

5. Rockford, Illinois

6. Starved Rock State Park

8. Major cycles of variation in temperature

9. Causes of 100,000 year cycle in temperature variation

10. Earth during Wisconsinian glaciation

11. Wisconsinian Glaciation

12. Wisconsinian vs. Today

13. Glacial Landforms – North America

15. Glacial Moraines

16. Glacial Deposits Glacial till - unsorted, unstratified mixture of clay, silt, sand and cobbles deposited directly by glaciers - glaciers pick up tremendous amounts of sediment and rock Glacial drift - the general term for sediment and rock left by glaciers is drift - deposits of clay, silt, sand, gravel and boulders left by glaciers or their meltwater streams

17. Exposed glacial till

18. Glacial Drift at Fox River Stone Company – St. Charles, IL – 100 feet of drift over bedrock

19. Illinois River Valley

20. Glacial Moraines

22. Moraines in Illinois – Wisconsinian Glacier

23. Moraine View State Park

24. Moraine on Illinois Hwy 4

25. Recent Geology - Illinois

26. Endangered Wetland Regions and Endangered Species

27. Prairie pothole ponds and marshes

29. Drainage Ditches

30. Installing drainage tiles

31. Glacial erratic in Alberta

32. Glacial Erratic – New York

33. Exposed Loess Deposit

35. Glacial Landscape – Cross-section

36. Glacial Landscape – McHenry County, IL

37. Illinois Climate

38. Mean Monthly Temperatures – Urbana, Illinois – 1961-2000

40. Pollen Data – from Nova Scotia

41. Tree Distributions – Post-Glacial

45. Cyclical climate and ecological change at Billy’s Lake, MN 10,000 to 8020 BP - jack pine, red pine forest with some oaks 8020 to 3400 BP - grassy prairies with sage (5000 to 4000 BP) and with oak after that 3400 to 1000 BP - deciduous forest - oak- grass to oak-birch to birch-hornbeam 1000 BP to present - pine forest - birch- white pine